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SEARCH MY WASHINGTON COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA WEBSITES
History of and Other Families (o_f) from
The City and County of Washington Pennsylvania
Enhance your genealogy research about families in Little Washington, Washington County PA
using newspaper articles, birth, death, marriage, notices, obituaries (often with cemeteries
named), probates, deeds, surname finds, family trees, family histories, reunions and other information.
Site Search or Page Search (Ctl Key+F) easily finds items of interest.
Washington County Pennsylvania History and Families
Genealogy 101:
Brackets ! Square Brackets or Box Brackets! Braces !
Brackets ! Angle Brackets ! Chevrons !
Round Brackets ! Parentheses !
Curly Brackets ! Squiggly Brackets ! Flower Brackets ! Braces !
With all
these different names, no wonder that most of us are confused about these sets
of characters and their proper uses! From the Latin etymology, "breeches",
these symbols vary depending on the country you're in, the particular need of
use, and how well you paid attention in Grammar / English classes. There are four main types of
brackets (Information from wikipeda which I compiled into a chart), used in
pairs:
| Names |
Symbols |
Additional information |
| brackets: round brackets, oval brackets, open brackets or
parentheses |
( ) |
parentheses (chiefly American)
round brackets (chiefly British) |
| brackets: square brackets, closed brackets or box brackets |
[ ] |
chiefly British, but Americans use for specific situations |
| brackets: curly brackets, squiggly brackets, "swirl-y" brackets,
brace or braces, flower brackets |
{ } |
Americans: curly brackets, squiggly brackets
British: brace, braces
{ } flower brackets, in prose |
| angle brackets, diamond brackets, cone brackets, wickets,
chevrons |
< > or
⟨ ⟩ |
Chevrons: ⟨ ⟩
used in Chinese language. And as code created by some computer
programs, such as Word |
Most are used as plural (in pairs), but some can be used as singular (just
one side) in certain circumstances. An example of singular is the
use of "angle brackets to indicate a "path" or
"direction" online for pages or content. These have a space
before and after the symbol, such as:
Math > Algebra > Linear Numbers
Forums > Family > Relationships > Gay relationships > Jealousy
> The chart below shows the specific uses of each set of brackets for
specific fields.
| Area / Field |
Type of bracket |
Uses |
| Webmaking, Computing / Encoding |
< > Angle brackets |
HTML |
| |
{ } Curly Brackets |
to make a Comment in HTML |
| |
|
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) |
| |
( ) Parentheses |
To set off text within online writing |
| |
[ ] |
The html code for square brackets are: [
and ] |
| |
|
when writing text that contains e-mail addresses or URIs they delimit the canonical address part from any surrounding textual content, especially when ambiguities may otherwise arise |
Computing
Encoding |
|
Opening and closing parentheses correspond to ASCII and Unicode characters 40 and 41, or U+0028 and U+0029, respectively.
For square brackets corresponding values are 91 and 93, or U+005B and U+005D.
For braces, 123 and 125, or U+007B and U+007D. Braces first became part of a character set with the 8-bit code of the IBM 7030 Stretch [13].
True angle brackets are available in Unicode at code points U+27E8 and U+27E9 (for mathematical use) and or U+3008 and U+3009 (for East Asian languages).
[see wiki for more]
Computer languages frequently use various bracket characters as operators or for other syntax markup. |
| Computer programming |
[ ] |
To access array elements, especially in C-like languages.
Also used in programming manuals to denote missing or optional parameters. |
| |
< > |
the less-than and greater-than symbols are sometimes used with a bracket-like function. When these symbols are used in pairs as if they are
brackets. Used in SGML to enclose code tags: <div>
in C++, C#, and Java; Perl through Perl 5; Perl 6; ABAP. See wiki.
A common error in programming is mismatching braces. |
| |
( ) |
Used in computer programming, especially in the C programming language and similar
languages |
| |
{ } |
Indian programmers often call these the “flower bracket”. |
| |
|
|
| Internet Users |
( or ) a single
parenthesis |
Emot-icons ;-)
In E-mail writing, Blogs, Comments |
| |
parentheses |
In E-mail writing, Blogs, Comments |
| |
{ } |
Used in internet communities and instant messaging to indicate hugging. |
| |
< > or * * |
Used to signify "actions" or
"greetings" online in chat discussions, instant messaging, bulletin boards, etc.
<Waves> or <smiles> or <jk> (for "joking") or <Offline> |
| |
|
In IRC slang, two braces with the enclosing one first represent a kiss: }{
For some, they look like breasts. ;-) |
| |
< > |
to set off URLs in text, <http://www.example.com/>”
or to indicate an e-mail address, <john@smith.com>
Also used in Usenet e-mail formats. |
| |
|
|
| Technical writers |
squared off notations ([]) |
squared off notations ([]) used for technical explanations. For example, yourDictionary.com uses them
around word definitions. |
| |
|
|
| Chinese, Korean |
⟨ ⟩ Chevrons |
Chevrons are part of standard Chinese, and Korean punctuation, where they generally enclose the titles of books: ? and ? or ? and ? for traditional vertical printing, and < and > or « and » for horizontal printing.
wikipedia quote |
| Japanese typographic symbols |
|
|
| Comic books |
< > |
Angle brackets are used to mark dialogue that has already
been translated, instead of writing in the other language and then
additionally providing a translation. wikipedia |
| |
|
See wiki for See Lisp; Fortran-family and COBOL languages; Perl programming through Perl 5; Perl 6 programming language; Python;
Tcl. |
| |
{ } |
Curl; Lisp; Pascal; Perl; PHP; Tcl;
Python; LaTeX |
| Chemistry |
|
To represent the concentration of a chemical substance or to denote a complex ion. |
| |
|
|
| In physical sciences |
< > |
Used to denote an average over time or another continuous parameter. For example,
|
| |
|
|
| Accounting |
( ) |
negative amounts are placed in parentheses.[wikipedia,
16] |
| |
|
|
| Mathematics, see wikipedia for "brackets"
An almost exhaustive (and exhausting) list! |
Specific uses of:
( )
[ ] or [ [
< >
{ }
Or, combinations of the above symbols
|
Bracket (mathematics): parentheses ( ) and
square brackets [ ]
Europe [ [ (bracket turned so both are the same)
in mathematics to signify a different precedence of operators. 2 + 3 × 4 would be 14, for example, since the multiplication is done before the addition. (2 + 3) × 4 is 20, on the other hand, because the parentheses override normal precedence, causing the addition to be done first.
- to set apart the arguments in mathematical functions. f(x), for example, is the function f applied to the variable x.
- to denote a set of coordinates in the coordinate system.
- to represent intervals. (0,5), for example, is the interval between 0 and 5, not including 0 or 5.
- to represent multiplication, as in the instance of 2(3) = 6.
- to represent a binomial coefficient.
quantum mechanics, Dirac’s formalism, bra-ket notation:
< >
Mathematicians: < > inner product of two vectors
Interval (mathematics): combination of angle brackets and square
brackets
statistical mechanics: < >
group theory to write group presentations, and to denote the subgroup:
< >
group theory and ring theory, commutator: [ ]
ring theory, anticommutator: { } braces
Square brackets for a variety of notations, including standard notations for intervals,
commutators, the Lie bracket, and the Iverson bracket in any Lie algebra:
square brackets [ ]
Z formal specification language, curly braces { } define a set and angle brackets
[ ] define a sequence.
In cartesian coordinate system brackets specify the coordinates of a
point, such as (2,3) denotes the point with x-coordinate 2 and y-coordinate 3. |
| |
< >
< > |
as comparison operators, meaning "much smaller than and much greater
than" |
| |
|
|
| Law |
[ ] |
Used in law reports citations to identify parallel citations,
for example: Chronicle Pub. Co. v. Superior Court, (1998) 54 Cal.2d 548, [7 Cal.Rptr. 109].
When quoted material is altered, even by one letter, the changes are enclosed in brackets. For example: Plaintiff asserts, “[m]y causes
are just.” In the original quoted sentence, the word “my” was
capitalized but when modified from the original the change is shown with
brackets. |
| |
|
|
| Sports |
resemble square or curly brackets. |
Tournament brackets, the diagrammatic representation of the series of games played during a tournament |
| Home and Office |
|
speaker mounts/brackets, shelf mounts/brackets, computer
mounts/brackets |
See
Sources for Genealogy 101:
Brackets ! Square Brackets or Box Brackets! Braces !
Brackets ! Angle Brackets ! Chevrons !
Round Brackets ! Parentheses !
Curly Brackets ! Squiggly Brackets ! Flower Brackets ! Braces
*
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