Anthony was erected September 7, 1844, out of territory, taken from Lycoming township and named in honor of Joseph B. Anthony, then president judge of this judicial district. It is the thirty-third in size and contains an area of 8,640 acres. It is bounded on the east by Lycoming, on the north by Cogan House, on the west by Mifflin, and on the south by Woodward.

In its geological aspect it consists of Chemung (No. VIII) located in two belts across the township about one mile and a quarter wide. Alternating with these are two bands of Red Catskill (No. IX), and then the same formation occurs up the valleys of the streams and at the foot of the mountain, forming several red shale districts. Above this occurs Pocono (No. X), forming the side of the mountain, while next is observed Mauch Chunk (umbral) red shade (No. XI) forming the top Of the lower part of the mountain. Pottsville conglomerate (No. XII) occupies the crest of the mountain. The upper part of this township forms part of the south escarpment of the Allegheny range, at an elevation of 1,850 to 1,900 feet above tide. Fossil iron ore of the Chemung measures has been mined quite extensively. The surface of the lower part is rolling; in the upper part are high ridges and mountains. The old State road, built in 1800, passes over the mountain on the eastern line of the township.

Anthony is an offspring of Old Lycoming, and its territory during the perilous period of the Indian wars belonged to the Fair Play domain, and its early history would be but a repetition of the history of those times. The names of its early settlers will be found in the enumeration of taxables made in 1796 and 1800, printed in Chapters XIV and XV. Brattan Caldwell was one of the early leading men, followed by Alexander, on the head waters of Queneshaque; John Robinson and George Herne were early settlers on Hoagland's run; Gideon and John Williamson, from Bucks county, located early on the head waters of Queneshaque.

The principal streams running through this township are Larry's creek, Queneshaque, and Hoagland's run. The first two empty into the river and the latter into Lycoming creek. Pine run, on which Brattan Caldwell lived about a mile from its mouth, heads in this township and falls into the river. There are two sawmills, one owned by the late John Slonaker and one by C. W. Williamson. They are not far from Salladasburg.

Two Churches are found in this township St. John's Evangelical, and the German Baptist. The latter was incorporated, February 8, 1879, (See Deed, Book 4 K, page 369) under the title of the "German Baptist Church of Anthony Township," and the following names are appended to the charter, William E. Kunkel, William S. Kiess, Jacob L. Ulmer, John Heinlen, Christopher Sheets, Jacob Ulmer, Daniel Getz, David Waltz, Conrad Waltz, Samuel F. Waltz, George Waltz, Samuel Ulmer, Daniel Ulmer, Abraham Kiess, William H. Ulmer, Abraham Sheets, John A. Ulmer, William Kiess, George F. Waltz, John Sheets, John Marquardt, Nicholas Marquardt, and Christopher Auch. Of these twenty-three signers seven are now deceased. The semi-centennial of this and of the Blooming Grove and Fairfield churches, all founded at the same time, was observed in Williamsport in September, 1891. These were the first German Baptist churches founded in America, and a fuller account of their origin will be found in the review of Hepburn township.

Schools. - There are five school houses, viz: Greenwood, Kiess, Stony Gap, Steam Mill, and Pine Run.