ENOS PARSONS, dealer in real estate, one of Bradford's early settlers, was born in Cortland county, N. Y., April 22, 1818, the fifth of ten children of Reuben and Matilda (Morton) Parsons. His early life was spent on his father's farm, and in attending the district school, later becoming a student at Homer College. After leaving school he invested a little money in clocks, which he sold in the country districts, being employed in this way during the Harrison campaign of 1840. In 1846 he came to McKean county, and in 1847 to Bradford, where for eight years he carried on the" Bradford Hotel He then engaged in mercantile business, also in real estate, and was one of the prime movers in the building of the street car line from Bradford to Tarport, of which he now owns the most of the stock, his son, Newell B., being superintendent. He is one of the largest real estate owners in the city, and now de votes the most of his attention to that business. Mr. Parsons was married in 1849 to Mary Blair, and they have three children: Newell B., Charles and Grace. Mrs. Parsons is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. Parsons is a Republican, and in 1858 he served McKean county as treasurer. .

B. D. PATE, painter and paperhanger, Bradford, was born in Stark county, Ohio, November 22, 1842, a son of William and Maria (Helen) Pate. natives of Ohio, of Irish and English descent, respectively. He was reared in his native county, remaining with his mother (his father having died in 1859) till 1863, when he enlisted, in the defense of his country, in Company F, One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was afterward transferred to Company F, One Hundred and Eightyeighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until the close of the war. He then returned to Ohio, and soon after went to Cleveland, where he learned the trade of a painter and paperhanger. In 1877 he moved to Pittsburgh, and same year to the lower oil fields, thence, in 1879, to Bradford, where he has built up a good business. Mr. Pate was married in 1867 to Miss Maria Henderson, and they have three children: Hattie, Florence and Lulu. Mr. Pate is a Republican in politics. He is a member of Bradford Post, G. A. R. The family are members of the Baptist church.

GEORGE W. PIKE, farmer, P. O. Bradford, was born in Bradford township, this county, April 13. 1840, a son of Barnabas and Mary Ann (Colegrove) Pike, natives of Massachusetts, who came to McKean county: about 1828. and located on a farm in Bradford township, where they resided until their death. Barnabas Pike was a supporter of the Democratic party; he was a prominent member of the Universalist Church, helping to build the same. George W. Pike received a commonschool education, and remained at home until twenty years of age. He then engaged in lumbering, and for a number of years rafted lumber down the river. In 1874 he married Miss Emma, daughter of Peter Fox, of Cattaraugus county, N. Y., and they have one child, May Virginia. In 1875 they settled on their present farm of 100 acres, and also have a fine oil production. Mr. Pike is a Democrat.

HARLOW B. PIKE, farmer and oil producer, Bradford, was born in Bradford township, McKean Co., Penn., May 12, 1843, a son of Barnabas and Mary Ann (Colgrove) Pike. The father came to McKean county from Massachusetts in 1829, and settled on the farm now owned by his son, Harlow B.. where he died in 1880, aged eightyfive years. Harlow B. Pike was reared a farmer, attending school until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, when, in 18tH, he enlisted in Company I, Seventyfirst New York Volunteer Infantry, in which he served three months; then enlisted in the three years service, and participated in some of the most severe battles of the war, including Gettysburg, Chancellorsvi1le and the Wilderness. Since the war he has lived in Bradford, with the exception of six years spent in the West. He was married in 1878 to Miss E. R. Beckwith, daughter of Simon and Elizabeth (Palmer) Beckwith, and they have three children: Daisy, Bertha and Olive. Mr. and Mrs. Pike are members of the :Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Republican, and is a member of the Union Veteran Legion and of the Knights of the Maccabees.

T. J. POWERS, treasurer of the Bradford Oil Company, Bradford, was born in Erie county, N. Y., November 2, 1835, a son of P. W. and Esther (Huntley) Powers, former of whom died in 1887, at the age of seventythree years. Our subject is the younger of two children, his brother (R. F.) being a farmer of Erie county. T. J. Powers was given a good education, and taught school in his early days, for six years serving as superintendent of public instruction in Erie county. In 1876 he came to Bradford, but in 1887 he removed his family to the homestead farm in Erie county. He bas been treasurer of the Bradford Oil Company since 1881, and has served six years as a member of the select council of Bradford. being president of the board. He is a member of the A. O. U. W.; was a member of the Ninety eighth New York National Guards, and was in active service five months at Elmira, N. Y. In politics Mr. Powers is a Republican. He was married in Fredonia, N. Y., in 1858, to Miss Frances M., daughter of A. F. Taylor, and they have four children: Willis H., Robert E., Helen E. and Fitch T. Mr. Powers and his family are members of the Baptist Church.

EDWARD QUIGLEY, of the firm of Connors, Quigley & Granger, plumbers: Bradford: was born in Chili, Monroe Co., N. Y., July 8, 1857, a son of Edward and Bridget (McVey) Quigley, natives of Ireland. who came to the United States in their childhood, and were married in the State of New York. Edward is the second of a family of nine children, and, his father being in limited circumstances, he was obliged when quite young to work for his own support. He was employed as a farm hand until 1878, when he came to Bradford and worked about the oil wel1s. For a time he was foreman of men employed by Wheeler & Whitney, oil producers, remaining with them until 1888, when the firm of Connors, Quigley & Granger, plumbers, was formed. they contract for all styles of plumbing and gas fitting. and also general repai1'ing. Mr. Quigley was married in Wayne county, N. Y., to Mary McVey, daughter of John McVey, and they have two children: Edward and William. Mr. Quigley and his wife are members of the Catholic Church. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a member of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, and is vicepresident of the order in Bradford.

CHARLES H. REED, M. D., Bradford, was born in Clarendon, Orleans Co., N. Y., January 17, ]851, a son of Ebenezer and Mabel (Snyder) Reed, the former a native of Vermont, of French descent. and the latter of New York, of German descent. He was desirous of obtaining a good, solid education, and when fifteen years old taught a term of school in order to obtain money to defay his expenses for further education, final1y graduating from the Lock port high school. He then taught nearly five years, and in the meantime began the study of medicine. In 1873 he took a course of lectures at Buffalo, and in 1876 graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. He began his practice at Wilson, Niagara Co., N. Y., remaining there three years, and in 1879 he moved to McKean county, Penn., first locating at Eldred, where he remained five years. In 1884 he took a special course on the eye and ear at Wills Eye and Ear College and Philadelphia Dispensary, since
when he has made a specialty of thf3 treatment of the diseases of those organs, and stands at the head of his profession in that branch of the practice. His headquarters are now at Bradford, but his fame extends to all the surrounding towns, and even counties. Dr. Reed was married in Niagara county, N. Y., January 9, 1878, to Ada M., daughter of Sylvester and D. M. (Wilson) Parsons, the former of whom is a prominent attorney of Rochester, N. Y. Mrs. Reed died in 1887, a member of the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Reed is a Democrat in politics. and is past master of Eldred Lodge, No. 560, F. & A. M. He is a member of McKean County (Penn.) Medical Society, and also of Niagara County (N. Y.) Medical Society.

MOSES REIS, of the firm of Wagner & Reis, theatrical managers, Brad ford, was born in New York City, June 20, 1851, a son of Samuel and Caroline (Bear) Reis, who were natives of Germany. Mr. Reis removed with his parents to Titusville, Penn., in 1863, remaining there until 1876, when he
came to Bradford. He was engaged in the grocery business, both in Titusville and Bradford, until 1877, in which year he and Mr. Martin W. Wagner became associated in theatrical management. In politics Mr. Reis is a Republican. He is a thirtysecond degree Freemason, also a member of the Knights of Pythias.

T. .W. ROBERTS, manufacturer of wooden oil tanks at Bradford, was born in Leyden, Lewis Co., N. Y., June 6, 1847, a son of William and Jane (Evans) Roberts, natives of Wales, former of whom came to this country in 1839, locating in Lewis county, N. Y., June 2 of that year. Mr. Roberts' mother died when he was but an infant, and from that time anti] he was eleven years old he had his home with Robert Morris. In 1871 he came to the oil fields of Pennsylvania, and drove a team for his brother, who was in business at Parker's Landing, subsequently becoming a partner. In 1878 he removed to Bradford, where he has since been engaged in his present business. He was married in his native county in 1877 to Miss Winnie Jones, a native of Lewis county, N. Y., daughter of John E. and Mary (Perry) Jones, who were natives of Wales. Mrs. Roberts is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Roberts is a member of the I. O. O. F., lodge and encampment. In polio tics he is a Republican.

WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of the firm of Robertson & Son, manufacturers of oilwell tools, Bradford, was born near Aberfeldy, Perthshire, Scotland, September 29, 1822, a son of William and Isabella (Fergusson) Robertson, both born within two miles of the town named. He was reared and educated in his native county, and there learned the blacksmith's trade. When twenty years of age he went to England, where for eleven years he worked at his trade, being in the employ of railroad companies or contractors for the same. His first railroad work was on the Lancaster & Carlisle, at Kendall, Westmoreland, for Brassey, "McKenzie & Stevenson; he next went to Shiffnal, Shropshire, where he had charge of the shops on the Shrewsbury & Birmingham Railroad; then went to Grant ham, Lincolnshire, and took charge of the shops on the London & York Rail. road; thence moved to Bacup, and was engaged on the East Lancashire Rail road; from there he went to the Canada Works, Birkenhead, and for some time worked for Jackson, Peto, Brassey & Betts, and was by them engaged in 1852 to go to Canada to take charge of the shops on the Grand Trunk Railroad. Thither he went in 1853, and was manager of the Grand Trunk Railroad shops there for a few years, then left on his own account and was in business for himself in Stratford, county of Perth, Ontario, for some years, remaining in Canada a period of about ten years. In about the last year of the war of the Rebellion he came to the United States, and has been in the oil region of Pennsylvania ever since the Pithole excitement began until the present time. For the first six years after his arrival in the States, he was engaged in the manufacture of oilwell tools at Pithole City and Petrolia, and in 1880 came to Bradford, where he has since carried on the same business most successfully in partnership with his son, Daniel W. The marriage of Mr. Robertson took place in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, in 1818, to Miss Harriet Guy, who was born near Wellington, Shropshire, England, and six children were born to the union, of whom only two are living: Maggie and Dan W. Mrs. Robert son and the youngest child died in Petrolia in 1880, and are interred side by side at that place; two of the children died at birth. Mr. Robertson is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and his son, Dan W., is a Knight Templar. In politics Mr. Robertson is a Republican, and while at Petrolia served as a member of the town council.

E. W. ROLFE, oil producer, Bradford, was born in Concord, N. H., August 12, 1849, a son of H. M. Rolfe. an iron manufacturer of Pittsburgh, Penn., where E. W. was reared. The first business experience of our subject was as clerk in his father's office, and in 1869 he was elected secretary and treasurer of the Pittsburgh & Castle Shannon Railroad, being the first to fill that position. He continued with the railroad company two years, and in 1872 located in Elk county, Penn., where he embarked in the lumber trade, and for eleven years conducted an extensive business, having in his employ from 300 to 400 men. A town was established near the place of his operations, which still bears his name. In 1883 he sold his lumber interests, moved to Bradford and began operating in oil. His first experience in that line of business was while clerking for his father, at which time he bought land near Parker's Landing, Penn., and had several wells drilled. He now has interest in the oil fields of Washington, Allegheny and Butler counties, and also in the lower oil fields. He is an active business man, and is a member of the oil exchange. He has served as a member of the board of health of Bradford, four years, from 1884 to lS88. In politics he is a Republican. Mr. Rolfe was married in 1870 to Elizabeth Davis, and they have four children: Herman, Margaret, Emma and Mary. Mrs. Rolfe is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

D. H. ROOK, funeral director and undertaker, Bradford, was born in Centre county, Penn., October 31, 1842, a son of William and Sophia (Woomer) Rook. William Rook was born in the town of Chambersburg, Md., January 4, 1816, and Sophia Woomer, his wife, was born near Bald Eagle, Penn., January 1, 1816. They were both of German origin, and were married July 13, 1837. William Rook was a forgeman by trade, which he followed until 1840, when he abandoned it and engaged in lumbering and various other pursuits until his death in June, 1874, his wife having died some years previously. The children born to the marriage of William and Sophia Rook were nine in number, and named, respectively: Susan, Decatur, Martin G., David R., Caroline E., Eliza, George W., .William G. and Mariah J. The eldest of these, Susan Rook, born April 14, 1838, was married to Richard Phillips. of English origin, and became the mother of two sons and four daughters: she died in October, 1865, and her husband a few years later. Decatur Rook, born October 7, 1839, died at the age of about two years. Martin G. Rook, born November 1, 1840, married Miss Nettie Gearhart, a native of Pennsylvania and of German descent, and to this union have been born six children, all living but one; the family reside in Clearfield, Penn., where Martin G. is engaged in the clothing business. Caroline E. Rook, born October 25. 1844, was married to Abednego Woomer. of German extraction, and has borne four children, all girls; the parents and children are still living. Eliza Rook was born April 14, 1846, and died April 3, 1852, aged five years, eleven months and nineteen days. George W. Rook was born April 12, 1848, and died April 5, 1852, at the age of three years, eleven months and twentythree days. 'William G. Rook was born September 27, 1850, and married Miss Anna E. Erb, of German extraction, and to this union have been born three sons and one daughter, but the eldest child, a son, died in August, 1889; the remainder of the family now live in Berwick, Penn., where Mr. Rook is conducting an extensive livery business. Mariah J. Rook, born March 25, 1853, was but a few months old when her mother died; she was reared and cared for by her aunt, Mrs. Betsey Goss, until her marriage with Jacob Moyer, of German origin, and settlement near Kylertown, Penn. David H. Rook, the fourth child and third son of his parents, was born at the date and in the county named at the opening of this sketch, at Allegheny Forge, located on the Phillipsburg and Bellefonte turnpike, Rush township, in which forge his father was employed. The family soon moved to Phillips burg, and a year later, when about six years of age, our subject was placed in charge of Henry Baughman, a cousin, residing on a farm in Sam burn settlement, Clearfield county. with whom he remained until sixteen years of age, assisting on the farm for his board and clothes. He then returned to his father, who at that time lived about two miles from Phillipsburg on the old Erie Pike (the mother being then deceased), and went to work with him and an elder brother at lumbering, to the almost entire neglect of his education, the advantages for which were very limited. In the spring of 1860 he went to Phillipsburg and engaged at small wages with John Morgan, a cabinetmaker and undertaker. as well as carpenter; a year and a half later he went to work for .William McClelland, who was then running muley sawmill, but afterward put Up the first and largest steammill in Centre county, on what was then known as Bear Run, and here Mr. Rook gained a fair knowledge of the mill -wright trade, which, in conjunction with carpenter work, he followed for some years. In the spring of 1864 he went to Port Matilda, Centre county, where he went to work for John I. Thompson, in the lumber business. Here, in a short time, he made the acquaintance of Miss Margaret Griffiths Jones, youngest daughter of John H. Jones, a native of Wales, who came to America when a boy, and about 1816 married Mrs. Mary Tombel son, by whom he became the father of twelve children, viz.: John G., Eliza G. (deceased), Marshall W. (deceased), Edward P., Ann P., Levie, Elizabeth (deceased), Edie R., Johnston (deceased), Margaret G., George T. and Ellen (the last named also deceased). September 10, 1864, Mr. Rook took to wife Miss M. G. Jones aforesaid, the ceremony taking. place in the Methodist Episcopal parsonage, and the officiating clergyman being Rev. H. M. Ash, who then had charge of the denomination at Port Matilda. April 11, 1865, the young couple began housekeeping, and in October they found themselves in a snug little home of their own, with workshop and wareroom attached, ready for the undertaking business, which Mr. Rook then began and has continued ever since, a period of about twenty-eight years. In October, 1865, Mr. Rook united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his wife a few years later; subsequently, in 1868, he donated $150 toward the erection of a new church edifice, the former one having been destroyed by fire. In 1873 he bought a site, and built an extensive planingmill, with new machinery, and in 1876 purchased the Jones farm, on which his wife had been born and reared, and on which he erected a handsome new building and an extensive new barn, and other necessary outbuildings. In 1878 he sold his then prosperous planingmill to Hoover, Hughes & Company, but for two years was retained by that :firm as its manager, when, finding his shop and farm demands increasing. he resigned and devoted his entire attention to these interests. In 1884 failing strength caused him to relinquish his farm and shop at Port Matilda, both of which he sold, together with his dwelling, and then took his family to Curwensville, Clearfield county, where he bought a new home, engaged in mercantile business, and continued undertaking until November 1, 1885, when he came to Bradford. his present place of residence, and bought out the Webster Undertaking Company, which he still continues to manage. To the marriage of :M1'. and Mrs. Rook have been born nine children as follows: Harry H. (married to Emma E. Evey, and the father of one son), George M. (deceased), Benner T. (deceased), Mary E. (married to Merritt E. Starr, and the mother of one son and one daughter, the daughter now deceased).. Eliza T. (deceased), Edith A. (deceased), Chauncey B., David F. and Cambridge G. Mr. Rook is a member in good standing of the the following secret societies: A. O. U. W., Knights of St. John and Malta, Royal Templars of Temperance, E. A. U., Iron Hall, S. K. of A. O. U. W., Improved Order of Red Men, F. & A. M. and the S. T. M. R. A.

HENRY SAALFIELD, proprietor of the" Arlington Hotel," Bradford, was born in Germany, December 8, 1854, a son of . John C. and Margaret S. (Plogfhoft) Saalfield, also natives of Germany. He left his native country for the United States in 1870, landing in New York City, and soon after removed to Titusville, Penn., where for a time he clerked in the" American House." He then went to Petrolia, Butler county, where he engaged in business for himself. In 1872 he moved to Lancaster, Penn. , thence to Armstrong county, same State, and then again to Petrolia, where he conducted the "Griffin House" a time. In 1878 he formed a partnership with George R. Griffin in the production of oil, which he has since continued, and they are also partners in the hotel business, Mr. Griffin having charge of the oil interests and Mr. Saalfield Of the hotel. Mr. Saal:field was married, in 1883, to 3Iary, daughter of James H. Lewis of Meadville, and they had three children: John S., Florence M., and Charles H. (who died at the age of one year). Mrs. Saaltield is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Saalfield in politics is a Republican. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and bas taken the thirtysecond d egree.

CHARLES SAMUELS, dry goods merchant, Bradford, is a native of Germany, where he lived till manhood, receiving a collegiate education. In 1868 he came to America, and soon after located at Union City, Penn., where he engaged in the dry goods business. He hag moved several times, but :finally, in 1879. located in Bradford, where he has since lived, and is now carrying on an extensive dry goods, carpet, and millinery trade. He aims to keep a complete and varied stock of goods to please all tastes, and his store, which is well fitted up, is one of the best in its line of trade in the city. :Mr. Samuels was married in 1881 to Miss Clara Rosenstein, and they have two children: Lillie and Rosa. He has three sons by a former marriage: Israel, Moses and Abraham. In religious faith Mr. and Mrs. Samuels are Israelites. In politics he is a Democrat.

GEORGE SANFORD, retired, Bradford, is one of the few men now living in that city who have watched the development of McKean county from a wilderness to its present state of thriving villages and towns. In the early days he cut logs, rolled them into the creek at Bradford, and took them thence to the river, and so on to Cincinnati, Ohio, having made thirty trips to and from that city on such business. He was born in Columbia county, N. Y., January 23, 1810, a son of John and Hannah (Hicks) Sanford, natives of New York, of English de scent. He was reared a farmer, but after he attained his majority learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked in addition to farming. He came to McKean county in ] 838, and here bought considerable land (a part of which was afterward within the corporation limits of Bradford), which, at the time of the oil boom, he leased for several years, and several good producing wells were drilled on his land. He has sold a number of lots, but still owns twelve acres within the city limits. Mr. Sanford was married July 21, 1841, to Lavantia Whitaker, a native of Rochester, N. Y., daughter of Jonathan and Betsy (Lafferty) Whitaker. They have two children: Albina T. (wife of F. W. Davis) and Emily R. (wife of Frank P. Wentworth). In politics Mr. Sanford is a Republican. . .

CHARLES E. SCHEANCK, wholesale produce merchant, Bradford, was born in Allegany county, N. Y., March 31, 1864, a son of W. C. and Polly M. (Ellsworth) Scheanck, natives of that county, and who still reside there. His father is a mechanic by profession, and politically a strong supporter of the Prohibition party. Charles E. was educated at the public schools, and learned the trade of a paper maker, which he followed for :five years. In 1886 he came to Bradford, and engaged in his present business, the :firm being then Russell & Scheanck, formerly Madison, Russell & Co., and daring last year Mr. Scheanck purchased the entire business which he now conducts at 19 Kennedy street. In 1887 he married Miss Nellie, daughter of William Davidson, of Allegany county, N. Y. Mr. Scheanck is a member of Angelica Lodge, A. O. U. 'V., and the Bradford Tribe of the Maccabees. He is a strong supporter of the Prohibition party.

O. F. SCHONBLOM, president of the Bradford National Bank, Brad ford, is a native of Prussia, born September 26, 1838, a son of John P. and Elizabeth (Schutz) Schonblom. He is the eldest of a family of six children. His parents came to the United States when he was a child, and settled in Buffalo, N. Y., where he was reared. He has lived in Bradford since 1879, and is one of the leading business men of the place. Mr. Schonblom was married in Erie county, N. Y., in 1864, to Miss Christine Burkhalter, a native of New York, of French descent, and they have three children: Anna (wife of Thomas H. Kennedy), Clara and Harry. In politics Mr. Schonblom is a Republican. ~e is a Knight Templar.

J. L. SEYFANG, of the firm of Bovaird & Seyfang, manufacturers, Bradford, was born in Germany May 3, 1844, a son of George and Mary B. (Heim) Seyfang. His father died in Germany in 1849, and in 1850 his mother came to America with her three children, J. L. being the eldest, and settled in Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Seyfang was reared in Buffalo, where for a time he attended the graded schools, but in his youth learned the machinist's trade, at which he served an apprenticeship of four years. He then worked at his trade in Buffalo two years, and in 1868 moved to Petroleum Centre, where he was employed at the oil wells five months, and then returned to Buffalo, and worked at his trade a year. Early in 1869 he came to Shamburg, Venango county; in 1875 he removed to Titusville, Crawford county, and in 1879 established his present business on a small scale. His trade has constantly increased from the start, and is now the largest manufacturing establishment in the city, giving employment to 200 men. In 1875 he admitted David Bovaird as a partner, who has charge of the outside work, Mr. Seyfang being manager and general superintendent of the factory. They manu facture steamengines, boilers, drilling tools, and all kinds of special machinery. Mr. Seyfang was married in July, 1869, to Miss C. T. Montgomery, a native of Franklin, Venango Co., Penn., a descendant of the old Dutch colonists. They have six children: Kittie A., M. M., John E., Charles F., Clarence' L. and Herbert C. Mr. and Mrs. Seyfang are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a Republican, and was president of the common council of Bradford.

P. M. SHANNON, oil producer, Bradford, was born September 2, 1846, in Shannondale, Clarion Co., Penn., a son of C. S. and Martha (McFarland) Shannon, natives of Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish and English descent. He was reared in his native town, and had just entered on his college course, when, January 1, 1862, in response to the President's call for more men to assist in suppressing the Rebellion, he enlisted, and being of manly appearance was able to deceive the enrolling officer as to his age. He was assigned to Company C, Sixtysecond Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, under Co1. Samuel W. Black, of Pittsburgh. He served with his regiment in the army of the Potomac, until the battle of Gaines' Mills, Va., where he was wounded in his right foot, and thus being disabled for further service he was discharged and returned home, and after his recovery was employed in Pittsburgh, Penn., as a traveling salesman. While visiting Parker City, Armstrong Co., Penn., in 1870, he be came interested in the workings of an oil well, and immediately turned his attention to that business which he has since followed He was one of the pioneers of Millerstown, Butler county. operating extensively in that section, as well as in most of the lower oil fields. He removed to Bradford in 1879, where he has since made his home, and has here been associated with some of the largest operators. Mr. Shannon has taken an active interest in politics in the ranks of the Republican party. In 1873 he was elected burgess of Millers town, and in 1876 he was nominated on the Republican ticket to represent his district in the Legislature, but on account of a strong feeling against the oil men the vote of the oil portion of the county was thrown out of the convention, thereby defeating him. In 1885 he was elected mayor of Bradford, and being firm in his convictions in favor of morality and in enforcing the law, he gained considerable popularity and credit for such successful administration. His brother, exsheriff Irwin M. Shannon, of Clarion county, is as strongly Democratic as he is Republican. Mr. Shannon married June 18. 1881, Miss Hattie M. McIntosh, daughter of George W. and Anna (Evans) McIntosh, and they have one child, Hazel M., born May 28, 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Shannon are members of the Episcopal Church congregation, of which church he has been a vestryman seven years at Bradford. Mr. Shannon is a prominent Mason, having attained the thirtysecond degree. He is member of Union Lodge No. 334:, F. & A. M.; past high priest of Chapter, No. 260, R. A. M.; member of Bradford Council, No. 43; past eminent commander of Trinity Commandery. "So. 58. K. T., all of these bodies located at Bradford; he is also a member of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, thirtysecond degree, sitting in the Valley of Pittsburgh, Penn., of the N. M. J., U. S. A.

S. R. SHEAKLEY, superintendent of the Forest Oil Company, Bradford, was born in Butler county, Penn., July 14, 1846, a son of John and Catherine (Keep) Sheakley, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His father died in 1852, leaving a family of seven children, of whom S. R. was the fourth. He was reared on a farm and was given good educational advantages, attending Dayton College in Armstrong county, and Union Academy, from which he graduated in 1866. He then went to Kentucky, where he was engaged in the oil business. From there he proceeded to West Virginia, thence to Ohio, and from there to McKean county, Penn., in 1877. Mr. Sheakley was married in November, 1882, to Nellie C. Cameron, daughter of John Cameron, and they have two children: John C. and Fannie. Mrs. Sheakley is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. Sheakley is a Republican, and he is a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity.

W. P. SHOEMAKER, M. D. (deceased), was born in Armstrong county, Penn., June 6, 1848, a son of Jesse and Susan (Brubaker) Shoemaker, both natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent, former of whom died, in 1856, in Armstrong county, where he spent his entire life. Dr. Shoemaker was the seventh in a family of nine children, of whom the three youngest were physicians. He was given fair educational advantages, attending for a time the State normal school at Millersville, Penn. Choosing the profession of medicine, he began its study, and finally graduated in 1874 from the Michigan University (Department of Medicine) at Ann Arbor. He first located in Ontario, Canada, where he remained three years. when he returned to his native State, settling in the oil regions. In 1880 he came to Bradford, McKean county, where he soon had a good practice. He afterward took a postgraduate course at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, and in 1884 went to England, where for a year he practiced in the London hospitals. Returning to Bradford in 1885, he was for some time surgeon for the Erie, the New York & Pittsburgh, and the Bradford, Bordell & Kinzua Railroads. He was a member of the State and County Medical Societies (being president at one time of the latter), and also of the American and International Association. He was a Knight Templar. Dr. Shoemaker was generous in the bestowal of his charities, and left at his death a large circle of friends to mourn his loss.

HENRY J. SIEGFRIED, druggist, Bradford. was born in Mercer county, Penn., March 5, 1853, the eldest son of Daniel M. and Anna (Myers) Siegfried. natives of Berks county, Penn., of German and English ancestry, who now live in Dakota. After leaving school Mr. Siegfried began clerking in a drug store at Franklin, Penn., and later took up the study of pharmacy. In 1880 he removed to Bradford, where he became established in business for himself, and has built up a large trade. He makes a specialty of compounding physicians' prescriptions, and has a goodly share of that branch in the drug business in the city. He is recognized as a careful and reliable pharmacist, and his honorable and upright dealings with his customers have gained the confidence of the community. Mr. Siegfried was married August 11, 1885, to Miss Marion Baker, daughter of Daniel Baker, of Allegheny City, Penn.. Mr. Siegfried is a member of the German Reformed Church; his wife of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Mr. Siegfried is a Democrat. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

W. E. SLOCUM, agent for the United States Express Company, Bradford, was born in Troy, N. Y., October 5, 1847, a son of H. C. and Mary (Hyde) Slocum. He was well educated, having attended school in Washington county, N. Y., and also. in Chautauqua county, N. Y. When a young man he was cashier for his father, who controlled the stock yards in Tioga county, N. Y., near Owego, the present home of his parents; later he went south, and finally to Chicago, where he remained until 1871, carrying on a farm and dairy near the city until about the time of the great fire. He then obtained a situation with the United States Express Company as messenger on the night line of the Erie Railroad, between Dunkirk and Elmira, N. Y. In 1884 he was appointed agent at Owego, and in 1886 was transferred to Bradford, Penn. Mr. Slocum was married in Owego, N. Y., February 4, 1873, to Miss Viola A. Goodrich, a native of Delaware county, N. Y., of Holland-Dutch ancestry, daughter of David Goodrich. and they have one child, May E. Mr. and Mrs. Slocum are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Slocum is a member of the W. O. T. U., and takes a great interest in the workings of that association. In politics Mr. Slocum is a Republican.

B. P. SMITH, carriage manufacturer, Bradford, was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., February 26, 1854, the youngest son of Pliny and Fannie (Rhinehart) Smith, and is a member of the fifth generation from Henry Smith, one of the Puritan fathers. He was given a good education, attending the normal school at Fredonia, N. Y., and then taught two years. He afterward began to learn' the carriage maker's trade, which he has since followed. He came to Bradford in 1~82, and in 1887 embarked in business for himself. He is a prominent citizen of the city, and is serving his third term as a member of the council, representing the third ward. In politics he is a Republican. Mr. Smith was married at Brockton, N. Y., in 1875. to Miss Sophia N. Fay, and they have one child, Viola F. The parents of Mrs. Sophia N. Smith are O. N. and Emeline Fay, the latter deceased. Pliny and Fannie Smith were both born in New York State, and are residents of Fredonia. Mrs. Sophia N. Smith is a member of the Presbyterian Church.
S. H. SMITH, a member of the firm of Smith & Bro., grocers, Bradford, was born in Northeast, Erie Co., Penn., June 18, 1856, a son of S. C. and J. A. (Valentine) Smith, former a native of Erie county, Penn., and latter of Michigan, both of English descent. Mr. Smith was given good educational advantages, and for a time taught in the schools of his native county. He then came to Bradford and became a member of the firm of Willis & Smith, and three years later bought his partner's interest, continuing the business alone until 1884, when he admitted his brother as a partner. The firm does an extensive business, both wholesale and retail, giving employment to six men, and keeping two delivery wagons busy all the time. The Smith Bros. are young men of good business ability: and their fair prices and accommodating ways have built them up a large custom. S. H. Smith is also associated with B. F. Wi1liams in the oil business. Mr. Smith was married in 1883 to Mary Hagerty, a native of Hornellsville, N. Y. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of Union Lodge, No. 334, F. & A. M.; Bradford Chapter, No. 260, R. A. M.; Trinity Commandery, No. 58, K. T., and of Council, No. 43; he is also a member of the Royal Arcanum. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, Bradford.

ALFRED L. SNELL, editor and associate manager of the Bradford Era, was born at St. Johnsville, Montgomery Co., N. Y., October 20, 1854. His parents were natives of that county, of which their ancestors were pioneers. Mr. Snell received a liberal education in the public schools, and passed three years at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. From 1877 to 1880 he was engaged in mercantile business in his native town, but university life and the great oil stampede suggested to him a different vocation, and. on July 1, 1880, we find him enrolled on the list of the true Bohemians of the Pennsylvania oil fields as reporter and oil statistician for the Derrick. He, assisted by J. C. McMullen, compiled the elaborate report of wells and well owners in McKean county in 1881, and later reports of production for the producers' committee from July, 1881, to March, 1882. Afterward he became reporter for the Evening Star, but during the summer and fall of 1882 he was among the oil scouts at. Cherry Grove, Balltown and the Cooper tract. Subsequently he served as a broker's clerk in the Bradford Oil Exchange; in 1882-83 he was clerk in the clearing house and member of Producers' Oil Exchange, and in August, 1883, with J. C. McMullen and W. C. Armor, he purchased the Petroleum Age, with which he was connected until December, 1887, when he was appointed editor and associate manager .of the Era. On June 20, 1883, Mr. Snell married Mary L. Horn, of St. Johnsville, N. Y.

HENRY SONDHEIM, one of the well. known merchants of Bradford, is a native of Germany, born July 22, 1832. When he was four years old his parents came to America and settled in New York City, where, when he was a boy, he obtained a situation as clerk in a dry goods house. In 1852 he went to California, returning to New York in 1859. In 1863 he began business for himself in Rochester, N. H., and in 1868 removed to Buffalo, N. Y., where he remained until 1878, when he moved his stock to Bradford, Penn. He carries a large and wellassorted stock of dry goods, carpets, etc., his being one of the best stores in the city. Mr. Sondheim is a publicspirited citizen, and one of the leading business men of Bradford. He was married November 10, 1861, in the city of New York, to Miss Alice Kahn, and has four children: Solomon, Philip, Ray and Sophia. In politics Mr. Sondheim is a Democrat. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and is a past worthy chancellor; has also passed all the chairs of the I. O. B. B.; he is also a member of the K. S. B., the I. O. F. S. of I., and of the Iron Hall fraternities. He and his family are members of the Hebrew Reformed Temple, Beth Zion. His parents, Simon and Rachel Sondheim, are both deceased.

H. S. SOUTHARD, Bradford, Penn., was born in St. Louis, January 9, 1841, a son of Allen and Jane (Hughes) Southard, the former a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., of English descent, the latter a native of Wales. His father was a sea captain who spent most of his life on the ocean and the great lakes. Mr. Southard was reared in Pennsylvania, was married in the spring of 1865 to Sarah Rose Mizener, of Mifflinburg, Penn., daughter of Rev. D. Mizener, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have one son, H. S., Jr. While quite a young man, not yet of age, Mr. Southard became one of the pioneers in the oil business, putting down his first well on the Blood farm on Oil Creek, and from this on was an active operator in oil stocks in New York, and at the same time a producer of oil, shipping the oil at that early date, in flat boats to Pittsburgh, down the Allegheny river, in all of which enterprises he met with good success. During the years from 1807 to 1870 he was engaged in the wholesale dry goods and notion business. under the firm name of Southard, Crawford & :McCord, in the city of Erie. His health failing, he was obliged to leave the lake shore for a time and go west. While in Minneapolis he organized the Minneapolis Gas Light Company, and gave his attention to realestate, making some valuable investments. Returning to Pennsylvania he engaged again in the oil business, and he is now largely identified also in the lumbering interests of McKean county. He laid out the town of Bordell the postoffice of which bears his name, and organized the Bordell & Rew City Plank Road Company. As a resident of Bradford he is a member of the common council, and president of the Bradford Building and Loan Association.

C. SPANGLER, proprietor of a meat market, Bradford, was born in Germany, January 15, 1835, a son of George and Rachel Spangler. His parents came to America in 1838, and settled in Pittsburgh, Penn., where the father died in 1878, and the mother in 1874. Mr. C. Spangler began clerking in a meat market in his youth, and has made that his business thus far through life. In 1865 he located at Oil City, Penn., and established a market, removing thence to Bradford in 1880. Mr. Spangler was married in Allegheny City, Penn., in 1859, to Dora Dune, a daughter of George Dune, who is of German descent, and they have nine children: Charles, Emma, Ida, Caroline, George W., Alfred, Arthur, Howard and Edna. Mr. and Mrs. Spangler are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, of the E. A. D., also of the Protected Home Circle, and is president of both the latter organizations.

H. M. SPENCE, of the firm of Spence & Dennis, dealers in torpedoes and nitro glycerine, Bradford, was born in Paterson, N. J., June 24, 1852, a son of Archibald and Mary Spence, former of whom was a native of Scotland, and latter of New York, of German descent. He remained at home with his parents, who had removed to Michigan, until twentytwo years of age, when be went to Chicago and worked for the Chicago City Street Railway Company for two years. In 1876 he became interested in the account of the Pennsylvania oil fields, and accordingly moved to Bradford, where he engaged in the oil producing business two years, and in 1878 became established in bis present business. Mr. Spence was married October 4, 1886, to Miss Dora Davis. daughter of Co1. D. L. Davis. In politics Mr. Spence is a Republican, and is a member of the county central committee. He bas served one term on the city school board, and is at present a member of the select council of Bradford City. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, of which he is past regent. Mrs. Spence's father, Co!. Davis, is a resident of his native State, New York. He was born October 27, 1812, a son of Stephen and Sally (Frisbee) Davis, who were of Welsh and English descent, respectively, and a grandson of Capt. John Davis of the Revolutionary war. Col. Davis has in his possession three commissions granted to his grandfather, the oldest bearing the date of 1762. Imbued with true military spirit, and inheriting the patriotism of his grandsire, when the war of the Rebellion was declared Co1. Davis raised the Eightyfifth New York Volunteer Infantry, and served as its colonel until obliged to resign on account of ill health in 1862. He bas recently received the old sword he carried while in the service, and which was captured by the Confederates. He has been a prominent citizen of his county (Allegany), and has served as sheriff of the same. Politically he is a Republican. He has been married three times, and has three children, two by the first and one by the second marriage, viz.:Helen R.; E. F., who was lieutenant in the Eighty fifth New York Volunteer Infantry, and died in the service in 1862, and Dora S., now Mrs. H. M. Spence.

L. M. STERNS, of the firm of Sterns & Milligan, wholesale produce and commission merchants, Bradford, was born in Lake county, Ohio, November 3, 1844, a son of Ziba and Eliza (Emerson) Sterns, also natives of Ohio, of English descent. His parents still live on the farm near Madison, where he spent his childhood. After leaving the common schools of his native county :Mr. Sterns started in life for himself, his first business venture being in the produce line. In 1878 he moved to Bradford and became established in his present business, conducting it alone until 1881, when Mr. :Milligan was admitted as a partner, and their business increased. Mr. Sterns was married May 29. 1866, to Elma D. Hodges, daughter of S. S. Hodges, and they have three children: Mattie, Harry and Eva. Mrs. Sterns is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Mr. Sterns is a Republican; he is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

RUFUS BARRETT STONE, counselor at law, Bradford, was born in the town of Groton, Mass., November 24, 1847. He is the son of "Warren Fay and Mary (Williams) Stone, the former of English and the latter of Welsh descent. His maternal greatgrandfather, Jacob Williams, was a Revolution ary soldier, and his first American ancestor, Thomas Williams, was one of the original proprietors of the town of Groton, which was settled in 1655, and a reputed relative of Roger Williams, founder of the Rhode Island colony. Mr. Stone's paternal ancestry was intermarried with the families of Warren, Prescott and Green, of heroic Revolutionary fame, and is traced directly to Simon Stone, who came to this country in the ship Increase, in 1635, and settled at Watertown, Mass. His early descendants were engaged in the Indian wars, a garrison having been established at the house of Deacon John Stone, in Groton, in the year 1691, known in the early records as "Stone's Garrison." Just a hundred years later, and yet as early as 1790, a school kept at his house took the name of a lineal descendant, Jonas Stone. Of the same lineage was Rev. Thomas T. Stone, the oldest living Unitarian minister, the friend of Emerson and Alcott, and a contributor to the Dial. Mr. Stone's father followed the trade of a carpenter. He was an antislavery Republican and at the presidential election of 1856 was chosen to the lower house of the Massachusetts legislature. He had three children now living: Charles Warren Stone, of Warren, exlieutenantgovernor of Pennsylvania, and at present secretary of the commonwealth; George Fisher Stone, late city superintendent of public instruction of Bradford, now engaged in the practice of law at South port, N. C., and Rufus Barrett Stone, the subject of this sketch, of inter mediate age. The latter, who was but ten years old at his father's death, was reared on his grandfather's farm, which the three sons cultivated during their minority. At the outbreak of the Civil war the lad applied for the position of powder boy on a man-of-war, but was rejected. He has had the honor since the war to become a member of the famous Massachusetts Sixth Regiment. He attended the district school, high school and Lawrence Academy,. where he graduated in the classical department.. Subsequently he took a special course at Williams College in the junior year of the class of 1869, from which he was recalled by domestic bereavement. In the latter year: he entered the United States Internal Revenue service as chief clerk of the assessor of the third district of Mississippi; and later as assistant assessor and deputy collector, he passed through the experiences incident to the performance of such official duties, including the capture of illicit border distilleries during the days of Southern reconstruction. While so engaged he took up the study of law, and was admitted to practice in 1872 at Hernando, De Soto Co., Miss., before the courts of that district, and later in the supreme court of the State. Having resigned from the revenue service he entered upon the practice of law at Okolona, Miss.. in copartnership with F. S. Pate, Esq., a native of the State and formerly district attorney for the county. In the ensuing year Mr. Stone held the appointment of United States commissioner for the northern district of Mississippi. In 1873 he was appointed chancellor of the seventeenth chancery district, composed of the counties of Scott, Simpson, Smith and Covington, and six months later was unanimously confirmed by the senate, including Democratic senators representing the district. Of his decisions only one was reversed, although several were mooted in the news papers and published at length, especially one relating to Confederate money as a contract consideration, and another relating to the statute of limitations as affected by the Civil war. In 1876 he resigned and removed to Bradford, Penn. During his residence in Mississippi Mr. Stone was deeply interested in the progress of reconstruction, and his active espousal of the policy of the Republican party rendered him obnoxious to the lawless element of the opposition. He was repeatedly assaulted, shot at, hung in effigy and made the recipient of death notices. He went to the State while it was a department of the fourth military district, and accepted an appointment under Gen. Ames as one of the registrars of the ensuing election in Chickasaw county. He was subsequently made chairman of the Republican county committee, and repeatedly sent as a delegate to political conventions. He not only took part in public speaking during several campaigns, and often before riotous assemblies with one hand resting upon his revolver, but also contributed editorial articles to the Mississippi Pilot, the State Republican organ published at the capital, and temporarily edited the Prairie News, published at Okolona. The constitutionality of a State revenue act, separating the offices of sheriff and tax collector, having been denied in a legal opinion published editorially by ex-representative Watson, of the Confederate congress, and accepted with much demonstration by the Democratic press of the State, Mr. Stone controverted the position in a series of articles which, published over an initial signature, were commonly attributed to exAttorney Gen. Morris.
While a resident of Mississippi Mr. Stone became acquainted with Margaret Sarah Baldwin, a native of Ashfield, Mass., but then a resident of Montrose, Susquehanna Co., Penn.. to whom he was married at the home of her uncle, P. H. Porter, in Newark, N. J., April 18, 1872, her father, Rev. Burr Baldwin, officiating, assisted by Rev. Jonathan Stearns, D. D., a brotherin law of Sargent S. Prentiss, of Mississippi, the favorite orator and famous Southern statesman.
Life in the South, with its vigils and dangers, had not been without attraction hitherto. But a bullethole over the mantel, a shattered shutter, the headgear of a KuKlux, and an array of deadly weapons, were rather grim relics to constitute the bricabrac of a honeymoon. Right bravely the gentle wife bore the sight of an armed mob, the occasional news of neighborhood assassination, the duty of midnight entertainment to a vigilance committee. And Mr. Stone, with the quiet sympathy of the best people of the community, still sought among his neighbors to revive the broken confidence of the people in our national form of government, to encourage faith in its administration, and to commend the Republican policy as a just basis of mutual trust between the races. But public opinion seemed rigid, the future of the South locked up in sullen hatred, and the time far off when it could become a congenial and in spiring home for people of Northern birth. Upon his removal to Bradford Mr. Stone lost no degree of interest in the cause of his political party. Upon the organization of a Republican club he became its president, and was twice re-elected. In 1878 he was made chairman of the county committee, and subsequently a member or the State committee. In 1882 he received a unanimous Republican nomination for mayor of Bradford, and was barely defeated by the intervention of an independent candidate. He has taken part in every campaign, speaking in his own county and occasionally in other neighboring counties. The Evening Star, a daily Republican newspaper published at Bradford, was founded with his aid in 1879, and soon after he became its sole proprietor and publisher. Having conducted it at an average lost for several years, he at length disposed of it. The paper passed through subsequent stages of ownership until finally it reached the Star Publishing Company, its present corporate proprietor, of which Mr. Stone is a director. While engaged in its publication he conducted its editorial department, and in periods of especial public interest wrote its leading articles. Thus' during the controversy between Conkling and Garfield, he sustained the position of the New York senators throughout, as in accord with the ideas of Franklin and Madison, and justified by custom and by the clearest views of public policy. Certain of these articles, having fallen under the eye of Mr. Conkling, received his graceful acknowledgment. In the New York campaign which followed the senatorial election the Star took earnest ground against the reelection of State Senator Sessions from the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, and its editorials were reprinted and posted on the dead walls and fences throughout the district. Sessions was defeated. The Star resisted the Independent movement in Pennsylvania under Wolfe and Stewart, against strong local influence and loss of patronage. It made successful opposition to the adherents of the Greenback theory when, under the remarkable leadership of David Kirk, they sought for him a seat in congress. Notwithstanding a threatened suit for libel in a season of great excitement amoung oil producers, it opposed the right of "mystery" owners to play with the fortunes of small producers by the publication or tacit sanction of false reports. In respect to municipal affairs, its criticism of the administration of Treasurer Critchlow for disbursing indiscriminately from distinct funds resulted in his defeat as a candidate for re-election. Its influence was exerted against the adoption of the Holly system of waterworks, and in favor of the present gravity system, which it supported with diagrams and engineers' reports prepared under its direction. In 1879 Mr. Stone made an elaborate but ineffectual argument before the common council in favor of the seating of F. S. Johnson, a. contestant, and in 1885 successfully conducted an investigation and trial before the same body, which resulted in unseating one of its members. Soon after his arrival in Bradford Mr. Stone became interested in the petroleum business, and served for a number of years as chairman of a limited copartnership, which operated successfully as a pioneer company of Knapp's creek. He has since been continuously engaged in oil operations, with varying success, and his interests have extended to the counties of Washington and Allegheny, in Pennsylvania, and into the fields of Ohio, West Virginia and New York. In 1879, at a mass meeting of oil producers held at Bradford, he was chosen as a member of a committee to oppose the taxation of oil before a legislative revenue commission, and at the request of the committee prepared an argument which was submitted to the commission and supplied to members of the legislature. The measure was not afterward pressed. He subsequently drafted a bill, which in modified form became a law, requiring abandoned oil wells to be plugged. Mr. Stone is a corporator and officer in several natural gas companies, and in like manner engaged in certain railroad enterprises. In 1884 he went to Leadville, Colo., as the president of the Muncie Mining Company, and the year previous visited the Pacific coast. At home Mr. Stone has exhibited marked interest in the growth and prosperity of Bradford. He drafted the charter and bylaws of the board of trade, aided conspicuously in its organization, and, as its vicepresident and member of the board of directors, helped to shape its policy of encouragement to manufacturers, and conducted the negotiations which resulted in the location and erection at Bradford of the repair shops of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad Company. He was a member and afterward treasurer of the Brad ford Hotel Company, limited, which erected the St. James Hotel; a corporator and afterward president of the Bradford Manufacturing Company, which erected the furniture factory now occupied by B. F. Hazelton, and a corporator and treasurer of the Bradford Glass Works, which erected the works now con ducted by the Bradford Glass Company, limited. He was a corporator and director of the Bradford, Smethport & DeGolier Railroad Company, which was merged in the Bradford, Bordell & Kinzua Railroad Company, under an agreement that the line should be extended to Smethport; and a corporator and trustee of the Bradford Hospital, whose charter and bylaws he prepared. At the organization, in 1880, of the State Hospital for the Insane for the northwestern district, comprising the counties of Cameron, Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, McKean, Mercer, Venango and Warren, he was appointed a member of the board of trustees, and in 1888 he was elected president of the board. Upon various public occasions he has not infrequently been called upon to pre side or to respond. He has made reported remarks at a celebration of the Irish Land League; at the dedication of the Bradford City Hospital; at a stated meeting of the Temperance Rescue Corps; at the dedication of the McKean county courthouse, on the event of the death of Garfield, and upon numerous other occasions, but these are sufficient to show the breadth of his sympathies and public spirit. His published addresses include one delivered at the dedication of Armory Hall; a speech under the title" The Republican Idea," delivered at Rixford, in 1884; Memorial Day addresses delivered at Eldred, at Olean, N. Y., and at Bradford; an address of welcome to the survivors of the " Bucktail Regiment," and a lecture on political economy before the Brad ford Business College. Comprehending the future growth of Bradford, and regarding it as his permanent home, he purchased at an early date desirable sites for his dwelling and office. The former is an attractive cottage in the foothills, and the latter a brick building of pleasing architectural design, which he christened" Pompelon Hall," adopting the name of a noted Spanish city because it was borne by the tract or warrant, as originally granted, on which the city of Bradford is situated. A society known as the Pompelon Club, comprising a membership of about 200, meets in this building weekly, and has attained celebrity in this section for its discussions of important public topics. Upon his arrival in Bradford Mr. Stone at once resumed the practice of his profession, and at length formed a partnership with A. Leo Weil, Esq., with whom he subsequently opened a branch office in Pittsburgh, when that city had become an oil metropolis, attracting their clientage, and there Mr. Weil is now separately engaged in practice. Mr. Stone discovering that his professional business at Bradford demanded more exclusive attention than he could give to it without hazarding other business, which he had undertaken, the partnership with Mr. Weil was succeeded by the association of Hon. Wallace W. Brown (lately representing the district in congress) and George A. Sturgeon, Esq. (since elected district attorney for the county), under the firm name of Stone, Brown & Sturgeon. Mr. Brown having temporarily retired from practice in 1889, the association with Mr. Sturgeon still continues. Mr. Stone is admitted to practice in the district and supreme courts of the State, the circuit and district and supreme courts of the United States, and his practice has extended to each of these courts.

R. J. STRAIGHT, one of the most extensive oil producers in the Bradford oil fields, has lived in Bradford since 1876. He began Working in the oil fields when sixteen years old, being first employed in Venango county. He had charge of the famous Noble well on the Ferris farm, the output of which, from its beginning to its close, was over 442,000 barrels. He also worked for a time at the oil refining business, and while at this began drilling wells for him. self. He went to Tidioute, Warren county, where he operated until he came to Bradford, and since coming here has been one of the heaviest producers in this section. Since beginning his career as an oil producer Mr. Straight has drilled over 1,000 wells, the output of which has been enormous." He is an active member of the Producers' Protective Association, which was organized in 1887. Mr, Straight is a native of Crawford county, Penn., a son of Randall and Maria C. (Clark) Straight, and a brother of Dr. A. M. Straight. He was married in 1870 to Miss Augusta Shirley, daughter of Alfred Shirley, of Niagara county, N. Y. Mrs. Straight died, a member of the Presbyterian Church, in 1878, leaving two children: Edith and Herbert. Mr. Straight is a Democrat.

A. M. STRAIGHT, M. D., one of the most successful physicians of Bradford, was born in Crawford county, Penn., August 5, 1847, the third of five children of Randall and Maria C. (Clark) Straight, who were natives of New York, the father of Madison county and the mother of Cattaraugus county, and both of English descent. The father died in 1879, in Warren county, Penn., where he had lived a number of years. A. M. Straight was reared and received his rudimentary education in his native county, later taking a course at Oberlin College. Choosing medicine as his profession he entered the Western Reserve Medical College, from which he graduated in 1870. Wishing to be still more thoroughly versed in his profession he then attended Bellevue Hospital Medical College, at New York City, from which he graduated in 1875. He then located at Wilcox, Elk Co., Penn., where he remained until 1885, when he moved to Bradford. His office is in the Berry block. Dr. Straight is an untiring student of his profession, and keeps himself well informed on all subjects of interest and benefit to the fraternity. He has met with remarkable success in his practice, which is large and constantly increasing. He is an active member of the, county medical society, which he has served as president, and is also a member of the State, American and International organization. For sixteen years Dr. Straight was surgeon for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; since 1885 he has been surgeon for the Buffalo, Pittsburgh & Rochester Railroad Company. He is also secretary of the United States Examining Board for Pensions. Dr. Straight was married in September, 1873, to Miss Minnie Preston, daughter of A. B. Preston, and they have four children: Preston, Grace, Anna and Persis. Mrs. Straight is a member of the Presbyterian Church. The Doctor, in politics, affiliates with the Democratic party.

GEORGE A. STURGEON, lawyer, and district attorney for the county of McKean, was born near Girard, in the county of Erie, Penn., June 1, 1852. He is a son of Andrew and Eliza J. (Caughey) Sturgeon, the former being a native of Erie county, N. Y., and the latter a native of Erie county, Penn., both of Scotch-Irish lineage. The family name is distinguished in the history of the State by Daniel Sturgeon, who, as a colleague of Simon Cameron and his Successor, James Buchanan, held the office of United States senator from 1839 to 1851. George A. Sturgeon was reared upon his father's farm near Girard, which was quite extensive, and took his part in its cultivation. He attended Girard Academy and completed his education under private tuition. He sought employment as a teacher, and while so engaged. began the study of law, and finished his course under the instruction of J. C. Sturgeon, Esq., an older brother, who had been the district attorney for the county of Erie. From 1876 to 1878 Mr. Sturgeon served as deputy United States marshal for the Western District, of Pennsylvania. He came to Bradford in January, 1878, and there completed his studies. and in the following year was admitted to the bar of McKean county, where he has since continued in active practice. He is also admitted to practice in the supreme court of the State, and in the circuit and district courts of the United States. He has been associated with Hon. W. W. Brown, who represented the district in congress, and R. B. Stone, and is now the junior member of the law firm of Stone & Sturgeon. In 1887, as the candidate of the Republican party, to which he belongs, Mr. Sturgeon was elected by a large popular majority to the office of district attorney for the term of three years. In the practice of his profession Mr. Sturgeon is distinguished for care and unswerving fidelity, which have won for him a reliable clientage, as well as the esteem of the bar and the court. His services are frequently sought in the execution of trusts and administration of estates. His quick comprehension of mechanical devices, and aptitude in their explanation, are appreciated by inventors and patentees. It is not unlikely that this gift of genius is shared as a family heritage, since William Sturgeon, of Lancashire, England, is noted as one of the earlier inventors in electromagnetism, and as a lecturer on science in the Royal Victoria Gallery at Manchester. Mr. Sturgeon was married November 10, ]881, to Miss Mary L. Davis, daughter of Charles Davis, a prominent. citizen of Friendship, N. Y., and they have two children: Clara C. and Bertha L. The family attend the services of the Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Sturgeon is a member. Their home, in a desirable quarter of the city, is spacious and attractive.

MOSES SULLIVAN, attorney at law, Bradford and Butler. Penn., is a lawyer of superior ability, and has a large practice both in McKean and Butler counties. He is well educated, being a graduate in a regular classical course from Westchester University, class of '1866, and prior to his attendance there he was a student at the Moravian Boarding School at Nazareth, Penn. After leaving college he studied law with the Hon. E. McJurkin, of Butler, Penn., was admitted to the bar, and began his practice in that city. He opened his office in Bradford in 1880. Mr. Sullivan was born in Butler, Penn., March 28, 1848, the second of five children of Charles C. and Susan C. (Seltzer) Sullivan, who were of German and Irish descent, respectively. His father died in 1860. Mr. Sullivan is a Republican in politics. He is a member of Butler Lodge, F. & A. M. He is also an active member of the Presbyterian Church.

J. C. SWAIN, agent for the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad at Bradford. was born in Wellsville, Ohio, April 23, 1855, a son of Silas and Martha (Coffin) Swain, natives of Nantucket Island, Mass. He was educated at Ravenna, Ohio, and there learned the art of telegraphy. He came to Brad ford in 1810, and in 1884 he was there employed as train dispatcher, serving in that position four years. He then went to Salamanca, N. Y., where he was clerk in the freight office until 1888, when he was transferred to his present position at Bradford. Mr. Swain was married in 1883, at Bradford, to Miss' Mary A. Ringle, daughter of John Ringle, who was of Swiss descent, and they have one child, William E. Mrs. Swain is a member of the Catholic Church. In politics Mr. Swain is independent.