G. GARDELLA., restaurateur, Bradford, is the proprietor of a first-class fruit and confectionery establishment. He started in business in Bradford in 1878 in a small way, has been successful and now carries a good stock, and
well merits the patronage he receives. Mr. Gardella was born in sunny Italy, March 10, 1849, a son of Stephen Gardella, and on his father's farm he spent his youth. On coming to the United States he located in New York City, and the same year went to Cincinnati, Ohio, but remained there only a short time. Returning to New York City, he was employed for a time on the Brooklyn bridge, and then began business for himself by keeping a fruit stand. In 1873 he went to Middletown. Conn., where he continued in the fruit business until his removal to Bradford. Mr. Gardella was married in Italy to Mary Gardella, and they have five children: Rosa. Ella, Amelia, Anna, Andrew and Lewis. In politics Mr. Gardella is a Republican. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church.

CHAUNCEY W. GARDNER, chief train dispatcher for the Erie Railroad at Bradford,. was born in Otsego County, N. Y., March 13,1838, a son of Warren and Clarissa (Cooley) Gardner, who were of Scotch and English descent, respectively. His father, who was a contractor and bridge builder, lost his life on the Erie Railroad in 1859, leaving a family of two sons and one daughter. Chauncey W. Gardner was reared in his native county, and was given a good education. Early in life he learned telegraphy, and then went into a railroad . office as telegraph operator and clerk, and by the faithful performance of his duties was steadily promoted until he became superintendent of the Susquehanna, Buffalo & Rochester Divisions of the Erie Railroad. He later became interested in the oil business, and in 1877 removed to Bradford, where he invested in property, to which he devoted his attention until 1888, when he was appointed to his present position. Mr. Gardner was married in June, 1859, in Delaware. county, N. Y., to Miss Thelinda V. Lord, daughter of John Lord, and they have two children, Charles H. and Chauncey W., Jr., both employed by the Erie Railroad Company at Bradford. Mr. Gardner in his political affiliations is a Democrat. He is a Knight Templar, and Consistory Mason, and an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, being a member of the choir. His son Chauncey is a member of the Methodist Church.

T. M. GRIFFITH, of the firm of T. M. Griffith & Son, dealers in hardware, Bradford, was born in Monroe county, N. Y., May 22, 1841, a son of Richard and Caroline (Lewis) Griffith, former a native of Wales, and latter of New York, of Dutch and English descent, respectively. He remained at home until 1870, when he came to Pennsylvania and located at Petroleum Centre, where he was employed at drilling oil wells for some time, and then removed to Bradford. In 1878 he embarked in the livery business, which he followed two years, and in 1880 went to Cattaraugus county, N. Y., where for four years he was in the hardware trade, and in 1884 moved his business to Bradford, where he also does considerable business as an oil contractor. Mr Griffith was married January 14, 1869, at Petroleum Centre, to Alveretta Smawley, born in Peoria, Ill., June 7, 1852, and a daughter of Ausbury and Mary L. Smawley, of English and Dutch descent. Mr, and Mrs. Griffith have four children: W. H., E. M., R. A. and C. E. In politics Mr. Griffith is a Republican. He is also a member of the A. O. U. W.

J. K. HAFFEY, deceased, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, April 27, 1830, and moved to Canada with his parents in 1844, He attended the colleges of Ireland, and afterward his own efforts procured him a fine education. At an early age he came to the United States, and for a time taught in the public schools of New York State. He afterward was ordained a minister: and in 1851 was given charge of the Bradford Baptist Church. He soon resigned the charge, and accepted the agency of the American Bible Union Society, which position he held for many years. In 1852 he was united in marriage with Miss Diantha E. DeGolier, and took up his residence on a farm in Bradford township, following the occupation of a surveyor, geologist, clerk, etc. In 1861 he enlisted under Col. Kane in the Forty-second Bucktail Regiment, Company I, and held the position of sergeant. After serving two years his health failed, during the Seven Days fight near Richmond, and he was honorably discharged. He was afterward appointed major by Gov. Hartranft, and later promoted to colonel and aid-decamp. After the close of the war he spent ten years in Philadelphia and New Jersey. He was a stanch Republican; was a notary for many years. He died November 7, 1881. His widow still survives him and lives on the homestead farm in Bradford township; also three children, viz.: George M. (of Colorado, who married Miss Maggie Higgins), John Nathan (brakeman on the Erie Railroad), and Zillah (now teaching). Mrs. Haffey's parents were Nathan DeGolier, who was born near Saratoga, N. Y., March 25, 1801, and Rhoda Ackley, who was born in Addison county, Vt., January 8, 1801. About 1831 they came to McKean county, Penn., and took up a tract of land in Bradford township. He was a millwright by trade, and erected the first saw and grist-mill at DeGolier, which was named in honor of him. He was also the first postmaster of the place. He was a supporter of the Republican party, and a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church. He died December 2, 1871, and his wife July 11, 1874. Three children were born to their union: Hannah Maria (wife of Truman Sherman, of Bradford township), Diantha E. (now Mrs. Haffey), and James Nelson (who died February 14, 1878).

L. E. HAMSHER, oil producer, Bradford, was born in Livingston county, N. Y., near the city of pansville, December 31, 1843, the eldest of four children of Reuben and Martha (White) Hamsher, former a native of Pennsylvania, of German descent, and latter of New York, of English descent. His mother died in 1880, and his father now lives in Elkhart county, Ind. L. E. Hamsher was reared in Elkhart county, where his parents moved when he was a child, and in his boyhood began clerking for merchants in Bristol. He enlisted, August 9, 1862, in Company I, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, for three Years, but was discharged in about six months. In 1867 he embarked in the hardware business on his own account, which he continued three years, and in 1870 came to Pennsylvania, where he worked at the oil wells two years. In 1872 he bought property in Clarion county, and began drilling for oil, since when he has had the varying fortune of an oil operator, although in the main he has been successful. In 1876 he located in Bradford, and became a member of the firm of Hamsher & Weaver, which has merged into the Emery Oil Company. Mr. Hamsher was married at Bristol, Ind., to Miss Sarah G. Caldwell, daughter of William Caldwell. In politics Mr. Hamsher is a Republican, . and is serving the city of Bradford in the common council. He is a F. & A. M. of 32°.

JOHN M. HART, contractor and builder, Bradford, was born in Montreal, Canada, April 11, 1846, a son of John and Anorah (Battles) Hart, natives of Ireland, former of whom died in Canada in 1886. John M. Hart learned the carpenter's trade in CaJ1ada, and worked as a journeyman several years. He came to the United States, making Oil City, Penn., his home until 1880, when he removed to Bradford, where he now has a good business, having from six to ten men in his employ the greater part of the time. Mr. Hart enlisted in the defense of the United States Government in 1862, and was assigned to Company I, Fourteenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He was soon transferred to the quartermaster's department, where he served until the close of the war. He was married, May 30, 1875, to Miss B. Gallagher, a native of Ireland, and ihey have six children: Gertrude E., Catherine Mary, Charles E., John M., Bertha J. and Theodore Thomas. In politics Mr. Hart is a Democrat. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church.

JUDSON E. HASKELL, oil producer, Bradford, was born in Arcade, Wyoming Co., N. Y., September 22, 1844, a son of Andrew L. and Catherine (Stowe) Haskell, former a native of Vermont, latter of New York, and both of English descent. His father is now a farmer in Erie county, Penn., where he settled in 1852. Judson E. is the eldest in a family of seven children. His youth was spent on a farm in Erie county, where "he attended the common schools, and also Waterford Academy. He graduated from Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, Buffalo, N. Y., in 1864, and soon after was employed in the freight office of the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad, at Corry, where he remained a year. From 1865 to 1873 he was employed by the firm of Vandergrift & Foreman, oil dealers; in 1873 he became connected with the Titusville Pipe Line Company, and in 1876 was given charge of The purchasing agency of. the Standard Oil Company, under J. A. Boswick, in Bradford, where he now has his office; he is also owner of several wells in the Bradford oil fields. Mr. Haskell was married in Erie county, April 1, 1871, to Miss Mary E. Kibbe, daughter of Levi Kibbe, and they have four children: Florence, Kate, Jessie and Fred In politics Mr. Haskell is a Republican, and has served in the select council of Bradford. He is a prominent Freemason, and is past master of Pleasantville Lodge No. 501; a member of Aaron Chapter No. 207, of Titusville; Occidental Council, of Titusville; Trinity Commandery, No. 58, K. T., of Bradford, and Caldwell Consistory, of Bloomsburg. He is a noble of the Mystic Shrine, Syria Temple, of Pittsburgh. Since 1887 Mr. Haskell has been president of The Keystone Land Company, which owns 6,000 acres in Dakota, 4,000 acres of which are cultivated in wheat.

BENJAMIN C. HAVEN, farmer, P. O. Custer City, is a son of Luther and Jemima (Colegrove) Haven, natives of Connecticut. In 1819 they came to McKean county and located on a tract of land in Norwich township, near Smethport, on Potato creek. They lived there thirty-five years, then moved to Illinois, where they both died. Mr. Haven was prominent in politics and filled various township offices, and he and wife were prominent members of the Baptist Church. Benjamin C. Haven was born in Connecticut, January 2, 1819, and came to McKean county with his parents in the same year. He received but a limited education, and engaged in manufacturing lumber, shingles, etc. He has lived at Custer City since he was twenty years of age, with the exception of ten years spent in Bradford as foreman in a lumber-mill.
In 1846 he married Miss Elnora, daughter of Ebenezer Calkins, of Crawford county, Penn., and two of their children are living: William with his father, and Mal-tin, of Bradford township, who married Ida, daughter of Erastus Turner and has two children, Erastus and Benjamin C. Mr. Haven has four oil wells on his farm. He has always been identified with the Republican party, served as constable and col1ector of Bradford township when a young man, and has also served as school director and supervisor for five years. He was a member of the Baptist Church of Norwich township. B. C. Haven is one of a family of eight children, five boys and three girls, who are all living at present.

BENJAMIN F. HAZELTON, lumberman, Bradford. The subject of this sketch was born at Machias, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., March 26, 1847, being the fourth son of O. J. Hazelton and wife, of that place. When he was six years of age, his parents moved to a farm near Waterford, Erie Co., Penn., where they resided for about nine years, his father keeping a large stock of horses, cattle and sheep, also being engaged in the lumbering business. Here young Hazelton's time was occupied in caring for the stock, and helping his father and elder brother about the farm and lumbering. At the age of eight years he was given a team to drive, and hauled lumber from the mills to Erie City, a distance of sixteen miles, making a trip daily during the greater part of the summer. Shortly after this the oil excitement on Oil Creek broke out, and he went to what was then known as the Buchanan farm, but later as Rouseville, where he was engaged in helping to drill oil wells by horse power. He was present when the famous Rouse well was struck, and when it was burned. It was here that Mr. Rouse lost his life. Young Hazelton remained on Oil Creek, drilling wells and driving team, hauling oil from the wells to Titusville, until the winter of 1861-62, when, though not fifteen years old, and too young to enlist, he joined the army. He was in the battle of Shiloh, where his regiment went in eleven hundred strong and came out with less than three hundred men. After this battle he was sent as nurse, with hospital boats, to Pittsburgh, Penn., which place he left for his home at Waterford, Penn., and afterward went back to Oil Creek.

The summer of 1863 his parents moved to Oconomowoc, Wis., he himself following the next winter. The succeeding spring he purchased a meat market in the then village of Oconomowoc, giving only his word for the whole purchase price. In this business he succeeded in paying for his shop and fixtures, and accumulated several hundred dollars, but feeling the need of an education, of which, up to this time, he had been deprived, he decided to go to school, and entered a preparatory school at Horicon, Wis., where he remained one year, and then entered the preparatory department of Lawrence University.. Appleton, Wis. He was now seventeen years old, and having no help was obliged to teach district school in winter and keep up his studies with his class, and during the summer vacation he worked in the harvest field.

At the age of nineteen he entered the University proper, but, from overwork, was taken sick with typhoid fever, and his physician forbade his going to school again for a year. That spring his mother died, and he remained at home, taking charge of the farm while his father made a trip to his old home in the East. That fall he went to Madison, Wis., taking a business course in the Worthington Commercial College. It was here he made the acquaintance of ;Miss Clarissa Florence Purple, daughter of Assistant State Treasurer C. H. Purple, and the following year, 1869, she became his wife. Although the combined years of the young couple were but thirty -eight, they started out in life to make a success of it, and while they were met by the various disappointments incident to folk of their years, they overcame every difficulty, and can look back to their small beginning with pride. At twenty-four years of age Mr. Hazelton had charge of heavy grading and rock work on the Madison Division of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, and upon the completion of that division he was given a train, but resigned to accept a position with the lumber firm of J. W. Woodruff & Co., Green Bay.

It was here that he .first acquired an insight into the business he chose as his own, and in which he has been so successful. He remained with J. W. Woodruff & Co. until the summer of 1878, when he moved to Bradford, accepting a position as foreman at the Bradford Oil Company's mill on the ,Vest Branch, and within a few months he and a brother, A. L. Hazelton, had secured the mm property of said firm, and for several years they enjoyed a large local business.

About this time Mr. A. L. Hazelton sold his interest to E. E. Wheeler, and Hazelton & Wheeler were kept busy for the next few years supplying the demand for rig lumber in the Bradford field. In January, 1884, Mr. Hazelton purchased Mr. Wheeler's interest, and at once set about increasing the business, and acquiring better facilities for handling the stock and placing it in the large markets of the North and East. He purchased large blocks of timber, built another mill on the West Branch, was largely interested in and had charge of the construction and management of the West Branch Railroad, until its purchase by the Erie Railroad Company. Each year his business has increased, and he and his lumber are known in most of the markets of the East.

He has lately purchased a large amount of timber lands in Elk county, on the Clarion river, where he has built one of the finest mms in the State, a hotel, shops, etc., for operations in that locality. He has platted out the new village of Glen Hazel. and has built the necessary railroad to connect it with the Erie system, and to convey his logs to the mill, and the product to the market. He has in his employ, at the various seasons of the year, from 150 to 300 men, besides contract work, and, as his headquarters have always been at Bradford, which has been largely benefited, his employs all purchasing their supplies of the various merchants in that thriving city. In addition to his mills and yards he has lately purchased the Bradford furniture plant, and has converted it into a planning-mill to surface and dress lumber for the various markets.

Although these enterprises take up the greater portion of his time, and all requires his personal attention, Mr. Hazelton has still found time to do much for the improvement of draught horses in this section of the country. Using many teams, and knowing the value of first-class draught stock where heavy loads are to be moved, together with a natural love for fine horses, be was led to make purchases of this class of horses both in this country and in Scotland. In 1887 he formed a partnership with Mr. Joseph Garfield, of Jamestown, N. Y., for the purpose of importing and breeding stock, and already the stock farm of Garfield & Hazelton is favorably known to all lovers of choice high-bred horses. There, and at .Mr. Hazelton's barns in Bradford, maybe seen prize winners in the various classes, from the 200pound Shetland pony to the Clydesdale of a ton weight, one of which, Sir Herbert, has just taken first premium at the New York State Fair. So much for the business energy displayed by Mr. Hazelton.

Socially, he is a gentleman of retiring manners, and, while most of his hours of recreation are enjoyed with his family, he is always willing, by his presence or means, to contribute to the enjoyment of others. He and his wife being both members of the Bradford Methodist Church and Sabbath-school, of the latter of which he is superintendent, not a little of their time is devoted to various interests connected with these organizations.

Their family circle includes a son, Frank, aged seventeen, now in his last year in the high school, another son, Courtney, aged twelve, a little daughter, Bessie, aged eight, and Bennie F., an infant. Lumbermen being noted for large-heartedness and an appreciation of good things, Mr. Hazelton is no exception to the rule. He is a good liver, a liberal giver, and is well liked by those having business or social intercourse with him. He has always voted the Republican ticket, believes in protection, fair profits, good wages, and better advantages to the wage workers. 'Were we asked to point an example of what energy, patience self-denial, honesty and strict attention to business could accomplish, we would not have to look beyond the subject of this sketch, who, hardly at the prime of life, has already accumulated a very handsome property in McKean and Elk counties. While not one of the old settlers of the county, he has nevertheless taken a deep interest in its welfare, and has done what be could to develop some of its natural resources.

A. N. HEARD, insurance agent, Bradford, was born in Mercer county, Penn., November 30, 1834, a son of 'William and Anna Heard. When be was fourteen years old he worked for a short time in a nail factory, and then began to learn the cabinet-maker's trade, at which he served an apprenticeship. He soon after went West, where he worked on a railroa4 a year and a half, and then returned to Mercer county. Five years later he removed to Petroleum Centre, where for a year and a half he was engaged in the grocery trade, which he sold out, and then built a hotel at Rouseville, which was afterward burned. His next move was to Turkey City, where he followed mercantile trade until again burned out, when he came to McKean county and lived in Duke Centre five years, becoming while there a solicitor for a fire insurance company. In 1886 he removed to Bradford, where he continues the insurance business, representing the Providence Fund of New York, and the manufacturers of Geneva, N. Y. Mr. Heard takes an active interest in the order of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and has spent considerable time in organizing lodges. He has also passed all the chairs in the I. O. O. F. and Royal Templars of Temperance. Mr. Heard was a soldier in the defense of his country, during the war of the Rebellion, as a member of Company K, Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and at the time of his discharge was second sergeant of his company. He is now a comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is sergeant-major of his Post. Mr. Heard was married in ISO! to Adelaide L., daughter of Samuel and Sarah Newkirk, and they have had three children, two of whom are living: C. M. and Lillian; a daughter, Edna, died at the age of seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Heard and their daughter are members of the Presbyterian Church.

JACOB HECKEL, proprietor of the meat market, 62 Corydon street, Bradford, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, November 4, 1857, a son of Jacob and Barbara Heckel, both natives of Germany. He is the youngest of six children, four sons and two daughters. All the brothers came to America, where they now reside, but their two sisters still remain in Germany. Our subject was reared in his native country, and there served an apprenticeship to a butcher. In 1873 he came to America and worked at his trade in Chicago, Ill., until 1875, when he removed to Buffalo, N. Y., where he remained until 1877. Learning of the new oil field he moved to Bradford, then a hamlet. but now a thriving city, known all over the world, where he embarked in business for himself. In 1881 he made a flying visit to his native country. After returning to Bradford he was married, in 1881, in Buffalo, N. Y., to Miss Mary Mollath, daughter of Jacob and Margaret Mollath, and born in Wiesbaden. Germany. In 1883 he sold his business here and started wpst "to grow up with the country," but, not being contented there, returned in a short time and embarked in the same business at his present location, where he is now carrying on his business successfully. He has three children: Gustav, Mary and Gretchen. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a member of the Knights of the Maccabees of the WorId, of the order of the Equitable League of America, of the order of the Golden Chain, and is also an active memberof the Bradford Fire Department.

S. D. HEFFNER, coroner of McKean county, Bradford, was born in Huntington county, Penn., December 16,1843, a son of Benjamin and Eliza (Leichenteller) Heffner, natives of Pennsylvania, of English and German descent, respectively. He was reared on a farm and was given good educational advantages, He learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked until August 30,. 18EH, when he enlisted in Company D, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and participated in twenty-two battles, among which were Gettysburg,. Antietam, ChanceIlorsville and the Wilderness. His regiment went into the battle of Gettysburg after marching thirty-six miles without stopping for rest, coming in on the relief. He was wounded at Mine Run. After the war he returned to his native county and learned the miller's trade, working at it until 1867, when he took charge of the Franklin Hotel, which he carried on two years, and since 1869 he has been in the oil business. In 1879 he removed to Parker's Landing, and later to Bradford. In politics Mr. Heffner is a Republican. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, being senior vicecommander of his post, No. 141, of the Union Veteran Legion, of which he was. Commander, and of the Knights of Pythias. He was married in McConnellstown, Huntingdon Co., Penn., in the spring of 1868 to Mary J., daughter of Henry Peightel, and they have two children: Daisy May and Henry Clay. Mrs. Heffner is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

WILLIAM HELENBRECHT, farmer, P. O. Custer City, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 4, 1844. His parents were natives of Germany, his father serving' twelve years in the French army and two years in the Mexican war, drawing a pension. In 1873 -William married Miss Julia M. Morris, of Bradford township, and they have seven children: Ella, Roy, Ray, Ivy. Ralph, Pauline and Ruth.

J. W. HICKOK, liveryman, and dealer in horses, buggies and carriages, Bradford, was born in Sullivan county, N. Y., November 2, 1856, a son of David and Mary J. (Russell) Hickok, now of Bradford, Penn., but natives of New York, and of Irish and English descent, respectively. He remained in his native county until 1876. when he came to Bradford and became established in the livery business, which he has since continued. He has a large, well-stocked stable, keeping on hand from six to twenty horses and a fine line of buggies and carriages. He also buys and sells horses and carriages, having a good trade in this branch of his business. Mr. Hickok was married in Sullivan county, N. Y., in 1879, to Miss Maggie Hawkins, a native of that county, daughter of James Hawkins. they have two children: Lena Belle and Maggie. Mr. Hickok is a Republican, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

LEROY L. HIGGINS, hotel proprietor, Bradford, was born in Beaver county, Penn., June 21, 1849, a son of Richard L. and Elizabeth J. (Hammond) Higgins, former a native of the Eastern States, and latter of Pennsylvania. LeRoy L. was given a business education, attending Duff's College, at Pittsburgh, where he graduated in 1869. His father being a merchant, his spare time had from a boy been spent in the store, and he acquired a practical knowledge of business. After leaving school, he obtained a situation as bookkeeper, which he retained until 1872, when he removed to Oil City and worked in the oil fields. The same year he changed his location to Rouseville, where he carried on a hotel until 1879, and then removed to Bradford, where he was again employed as book-keeper and clerk until 1882, in which year he established the Higgins .Hotel. This structure was destroyed by tire November 11, 1889, but Mr. Higgins immediately set to work to erect a new building, to be opened to the public March 1, 1890. Mr. Higgins was married in Ohio, in 1871, to Miss Laura Carrollton, a native of Vermont. She died in 1886, leaving one child, Richard L. In politics Mr. Higgins is a Democrat. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and Independent Order of, Red Men, also of the A, O. U. W. and the Equitable League of America.

F. P. HOLLEY, proprietor of the Riddell House, Bradford, was born in Monticello, Sullivan Co., N. Y., June 24, 1855, a son of John C. and Phoebe (Linderman) Holley, natives of New York, of English descent. His father, who was a hotel keeper in early life, and later a merchant, died in 1868. F, P. Holley was reared in his native State, and when a boy clerked in his father's store. In 1879 he went to Port Jervis, N. Y., where for five )Tears he was in general mercantile business. In 1884 he sold out and came to Pennsylvania, where he became proprietor of the Hyde House, at Ridgway, Elk county, but in 1885 removed to Bradford, and, in company with W. Anderson, took charge of the well-known Riddell House. In 1887 he bought Mr. Anderson's interest, and has since conducted the hotel alone. The Riddell House is first class in every respect, fitted with all modern conveniences, and under the able management of Mr. Holley is well patronized, being favorably known by the traveling public. Mr. Holley was married in June, 1877, at Port Jervis, N. Y., to Ada Geraghty, daughter of Frank Geraghty, and they have two children: George M. and Earl. In politics Mr. Holley is a Democrat.

J. F. HUBBARD, proprietor of a meat market, Bradford, was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., August 15, 1847, a son of Nehemiah and Harriet Hubbard, now dead. After reaching maturity he engaged in farming in his native county until 1873, when he began butchering, which he continued until 1876, when he came to Bradford, and, with the exception of about two years and a half, when he was engaged in the manufacture and sale of oil well packers, has carried on a meat market in which he has been successful. He is also one of the largest stockholders in the Bradford Paint Company, and was treasurer of its first organization. He has charge of the Ohio territory, and has appointed his son a salesman. This enterprise promises to be successful. Mr. Hubbard and wife are members of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and of the Equitable Aid Union. Mr. Hubbard is also a member of the Knights of Honor, and the Southern Tier Masonic Relief Association. He was married in Chautauqua county, N. Y., in 1868, to Lodeska A. Eggleston, daughter of Rolf and Patty Eggleston, and born in 1845 in Chautauqua county, N. Y. She is a member of the Ladies' Aid Society, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and the Woman's Relief Corps, No. 13, auxiliary to the G. A. R., and of the last named she is now the president. They are
the parents of three children: Levant, Lavern and Sadie Bell. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Republican.

CAPTAIN J. C. HUGHES, grocer, Bradford, was born in Northumberland county, Penn., December 2, 1831, a son of Morgan and Martha (Corey) Hughes, of Welsh and English descent, respectively, former of whom died in 1861. Mr. Hughes began business for himself at Scio, Allegany Co., N. Y, as a druggist, continuing there until 1877, when he removed to Bradford, and became established in the grocery business. He enlisted in the war of the Rebellion in 1862, in the Sixty-seventh New York Volunteer Infantry, and was commissioned second lieutenant of his company. After the battle of Cold Harbor, he was promoted to first lieutenant and later to captain. He was slightly wounded once, but, did not leave the battle-field until the enemy was.
defeated. He is an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic. In politics he is a Republican. Capt. Hughes was married in 1857 to Miss Maria Louden, daughter of James and Ordella (Jacobs) Louden, natives of New York, of English ancestry, and they have one son, J. C., Jr.

MAYNARD INGALSBY, farmer, P. O. Custer City, was born in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1827, a son of John and Amanda (Chapin) Ingalsby. His father was born at Black River, New York State, his mother in Massachusetts. In 1843 they moved to McKean county, Penn., and located on the present farm of Maynard Ingalsby, in Bradford township, where they lived and died. The father took an active part in politics, and filled various township offices. He was a deacon in the Bradford Congregational Church for many years, and died April 18, 1865; his widow died in 1866. Maynard Ingalsby moved from Steuben county, N. Y., to Warren county, Penn., when about two years of age, and since coming to McKean county has lived on his present farm. In 1854 he married Miss Melinda, daughter of Edward Freeman, of Bradford township, and they have one child, Maynard Ingalsby, Jr., who is living with his father and studying for the ministry. He married Miss Minnie Wright, of Potter county, Penn. Mr. Ingalsby, Sr.. is Republican in politics, with Prohibition proclivities. He has filled the office of assessor, auditor, etc. He is one of the trustees and is superintendent of the Sunday-school in the DeGolier United Brethren Church. In 1861 he enlisted in Battery H, Independent Pennsylvania Light Artillery, and served until the close of the war; is now a member of Bradford Post, No. 141, G. A. R.

I. G. JACKSON, oil producer, Bradford, was born in the State of Wisconsin, February, 27, 1844, a son of George and Mary (Clark) Jackson, who were natives of Utica, N. Y. His father, who was a commission merchant, became a pioneer of Wisconsin, and afterward moved to Coldwater, Mich., which city he took a prominent part in building up. He was twice married, and had three children by his first wife: S. D. Jackson, superintendent of the Security Trust Company of New York City; L. A. Jackson, cashier of the Coldwater National Bank, and T. G. Jackson, our subject, who received a high-school education at Coldwater, Mich., and for a number of years held a position in the bank of that city. In 1866 he moved to Titusville, Penn., where he was assistant cashier in the First National Bank for some years; later, he held the same position in the City Savings Bank, and after that he was cashier of the Citizen's Bank for some years. In 1876 he came to Bradford, where he has since been engaged in oil producing. He has been a member of the Bradford Oil Exchange for six years. In 1867 he married at Highland, on the Hudson river, Miss Mary E., daughter of Dr. DeWitt and Phoebe Hosbrook, of Ulster county, N. Y., and of French Huguenot descent. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have three children: Frank D. (of Cornell University), Edith and Eugene (of the Bradford high school). Mr. Jackson attends the Presbyterian Church, of which his family are members. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, and in politics is a Republican.

T. C. JAMES, M. D., Bradford, was born in Wales, March 21, 1852, a son of Rev. Daniel C. and Elizabeth (Lewis) James, natives of England. In 1856 they came to America, residing in .Pittsburgh, Penn., three years, and in 1859 moved to Armstrong county. The father was an Episcopal clergyman, and was engaged in ministerial work until his death in 1875. T. C. James attended the schools of Pittsburgh and Dayton, Penn.; began the study of medicine at Pittsburgh, and completed his course at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, in 1876. He began his practice at Pittsburgh, remaining there two years, and then for three years was in Butler and Armstrong counties; in 1881 he came to McKean county, but remained only a short time, going to Cattaraugus county, N. Y., where he remained until 1889, when he again located at Bradford. He is examining surgeon of several insurance companies and beneficiary associations. He is a member of Cattaraugus County (N. Y.) Medical Society, and also of McKean County Medical Society. He is a diligent student, devoting his time to his profession, and he has been successful. In politics Dr. James is a Republican. He is a Knight Templar. He was married in June, 1881, to Jennie Louise, daughter of Joseph and Jane (Garner) Dixon, and a native of Canada, of English descent. The doctor and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church.

SHELDON JEWETT, farmer, P. O. Custer Cit)', is a son of Benjamin Jewett, who was born in the State of Vermont about 1800. Benjamin married in Tioga county, Penn., Miss Lucinda Tuttle, and moved to McKean county. Penn., about 1826 or 1827. He purchased a farm in Bradford township which is now the present site of Custer City. The farm was covered with a dense forest, and Mr. Jewett cleared and improved the same. He was a member of the Democratic party, and filled various township offices; also a member of the Baptist Church. He died in Custer City in 1~83; his widow died on the homestead July 27, 1889, aged seventy-six years. Eight children were reared by them, four of whom are still living: Sheldon; Hiram, of Ohio; Albert, of Wisconsin; and Lydia, wife of Henry Bremen, of Elk county. Sheldon, our subject, the eldest of the living children, was born in Bradford township, McKean Go., Penn., December 2, 1840. He received a common-school education, and has been principally engaged in farming, although for eight years he was engaged in the mercantile business in Custer City. The whole of Custer City is built on Mr. Jewett's farm, and he pays taxes on every building in the town. He also has a good oil production, securing a royalty on twenty five wells. In 1866 he was united in marriage with Miss Olivia, daughter of John Ingalsby, of Custer City, and they have two children: Blanche and Grace. In 1861 Mr. Jewett enlisted in Company I, First Pennsylvania " Bucktails," and served three and one-half years. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Bethesda Church, near Cold Harbor, and confined in Andersonville prison for six months. He is a member of Bradford Post, No. 141, G. A. R., is an active supporter of the Republican party, and is postmaster of Custer City at the present time.

F. S. JOHNSON, Bradford, was born in Madison County, N. Y., December 5, 1840, a son of Franklin and Marietta (Spencer) Johnson, who were of English and Irish descent, respectively, former of whom died in 1868. Mr. Johnson was reared in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he received good educational advantages, and in 1858 graduated from the Hudson River Institute, where he won the prize for scholarship. Early in life he worked in a cotton factory in New York, and in 1860 engaged in business with his father in the manufacture of and dealing in oils. In 1862 he accepted a position with the Pennsylvania Railroad, to take charge of their oil warehouses, in Brooklyn, N. Y. , remaining with the company six years. He then engaged in the lighterage business until 1873, when he removed to Warren county, Penn. and was employed in the oil fields. In 1875 he moved from Warren county to Bradford, and began operating for oil on his own account, and was one of the first to assist in developing McKean county's rich oil basin. From 1877 until 1880 he was one of the purchasing agents for the Standard Oil Company in the Bradford oil fields, and since then has bought and shipped oil on his own account. In 1877 Mr. Johnson was elected a member of the town council, being a member when Bradford was incorporated as a city, and in 1880 he was re-elected. In 1882 he was elected a county commissioner, and in 1886 was elected by the Republican party a member of the State legislature, where he had the honor of introducing the bill which gave the first appropriation to the Bradford Hospital. Mr. Johnson was married in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1886, to Miss Nettie M. Butler, daughter of John C. Butler, and they have one child, F. S.. Jr. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

FRANK M. JOHNSTON, oil producer, Bradford, was born in Westfield, N. Y., June 25, 1850, a son of Samuel and Margaret (McKee) Johnston, natives of County Down, Ireland, who came to America in 1832 and settled at Westfield, where the father still lives. The subject of these lines graduated from the commercial school at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1868, and afterward studied telegraphy, at which he worked three years. He then was employed as a bookkeeper until 1878, when he came to the oil fields of Pennsylvania, and drilled wells in what is known as the lower fields. In 1881 he came to Bradford, and bought an interest in several producing wells, being associated for a time with J. Kemp Bartlett, of Baltimore, but since 1885 has operated alone. He now owns ninety producing wells, and is still adding to his possessions, having been quite fortunate in all his speculations. Mr. Johnston was married at St. Petersburg, Penn., in May, 1881, to Josie A., daughter of Sampson and Maria Kerr, of England. In politics Mr. Johnston is a Republican. },Irs. Johnston is a member of the Presbyterian Church. .

CAPTAIN JOSEPH T. JONES, Bradford, one of the largest oil producers in the United States, was born in Philadelphia, Penn., June 11, 1842, a son of Albauns A. and Jane (Thomas) Jones, former a native of Philadelphia, of English descent. The father died early in 1843, leaving the widowed mother with two children, a daughter who now lives in Philadelphia, and Joseph T.. who was reared in his native city, and attended school until after the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. September 10, 1861, when he was only nineteen years old, he enlisted, and was assigned to Company H, Ninety first Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, in which he served just two weeks over Three years. He participated in many battles and skirmishes, thirteen of which were among the most noted battles of the war, prominent among them being Fredericksburg, Antietam and Gettysburg. At the last-named battle he had command of the picket guard in front of The summit of Round Top. On July 2, at the battle of the Wilderness, he received a slight wound; at Cold Harbor he was wounded in both feet, from the effects of which he has never thoroughly recovered. At Alexandria, Va., he was promoted to quartermaster-sergeant, afterward to second lieutenant, and later to captain. At the time of receiving his last wounds he was in command of two companies. After his discharge he returned to Philadelphia, and soon thereafter went to Oil Creek, Venango Co., this State, where he began drilling for oil. The first thirteen wells drilled proved worthless, and by this time his funds were gone. Being crippled, as a result of his wounds, and scarcely able to do hard manual labor, he became now very much discouraged. However, he continued to try again, and from that time his fortune changed, his wells having proved successful almost without exception. He is now by far the most extensive individual producer in the Bradford oil fields, owning nearly 500 producing wells and having territory for at least 200 more. Capt. Jones i" the owner of the Bradford, the Mitchell & Jones, and the Post & Jones Oil Companies. He moved to Bradford in 1877, and was at that time a stockholder in the Atlantic Pipe Line Company. He was one of the incorporators of the Bradford Oil Company, and has since become its sole owner. Capt. Jones is a public-spirited man, and a liberal supporter of all measures of benefit to the community. He is a Republican in politics, and in 1888 was appointed one of the Presidential electors from Pennsylvania. He was married in Venango county, Penn., October 15, 1876, to Miss Lou E. Blackmarr, daughter of Rev. R. L. Blackmarr, a minister of the M. E. Church, and they have two children: Joseph Albert and Grace.

R. B. JONES, owner and proprietor of the Eagle Brass foundry, Bradford, was born in Pittsburgh, Penn., April 28, 1850, a son of Robert and Margaret E. (Hill) Jones. His father dying in 1866, from that time he was obliged to rely on himself, and, with the exception of a short time he was in the livery business, has worked at the molder's trade. He located at Bradford in 1879, and in 1880 became established in business for himself, being now at the head of one of the important industries of the city. Mr. Jones was married in 1873 to Luella Fulkenson, daughter of Cornelius Fulkenson.. Mrs. Jones died in 1882, leaving three children: Arthur, Laura and Robert. Mr. Jones is vice-regent of the Royal Arcanum, is also a member of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and of the O. U. A. M.

WILL F. JORDAN, of the Harrisburg Telegram, was born in Bedford, Bedford Co., Penn., June 26, 1848, and is a son of Hon. Francis and Louise (Farquhar) Jordan. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother a native of Maryland, and they were of Scotch-Irish and English descent, respectively. His mother died in August, 1862. His father was for many years a prominent politician, having served the State in the capacity of senator, secretary of the commonwealth, military agent, paymaster in the army, and chairman of the Republican State central committee for nine years. Will F. Jordan was educated in the common schools, graduating at Hyatt's Military Academy, West Chester, Penn. During his term at the latter institution he ran away and joined the military forces at Camp Curtin, near Harrisburg, at the time of the Gettysburg emergency, and the rebel invasion into Pennsylvania. After passing several years at St. Louis, Mo., and York, Penn., he accepted a position with George K. Anderson, the then oil kin~ of the world, and located at Pleasantville, Penn. Soon realizing that the oil regions required men to assert their individuality, he resigned his position and went into oil operations and dealing in oil, with Col. A. C. Hawkins. This partnership continued for several years, when Mr. Jordan branched out, went to Parker's Landing, and associated himself with some of the live spirits and oil pioneers in that imperfectly developed country. He took many leases, and speculated heavily and successfully in oil and oil lands. In t874 he disposed of most of his producing interests, and in vested in an agency controlled by the Standard Oil Company, for the manufacture and sale of refined oil, gasoline, benzine and lubricating oil, in the counties of Clarion, Armstrong and Butler, remaining in that business until 18n, when he made a sale to the Standard, some of whose agents desired him to devote his entire time to the reorganization and perfecting of a newspaper bureau throughout the oil country. To secure this end, he purchased the Daily Derrick, of Oil City, the Breeze and Era of Bradford, all daily papers, also the Sunday Herald of the latter city, and subsequently he became owner of the Sunday News and Evening Star. The subject of this sketch was too modest to detail his part in the exciting scenes which such purchases involved. Suffice to say that the work he performed was in no sense popular, as the oil regions, en masse, have never taken kindly to corporations, notwithstanding the fact that all the successful and leading business men in that part of the State have made their fortunes by or through combines or corporate investments. On July 14, 1887, Mr. Jordan bade adieu to oil region journalism, selling his entire interest to the Standard Oil Company, who have since that time added the Toledo Commercial to their oil region plant. Mr. Jordan has owned half interest in the Harrisburg Telegram since 1885, and purchased the other half January 1, 1890. Politically, Mr. Jordan has taken quite an active part, although always under protest, in the politics of Northwestern Pennsylvania, directly, and indirectly, in those of the State and Nation at large. He is one who has invariably preferred to create, assist and cater to the ambitions of others, to whom he could render service in a journalistic sense, rather than hold offices himself, although he was, in 1874, persuaded to run for burgess of Petrolia, and for mayor of Bradford in 1881, to both of which offices he was elected by overwhelming majorities, despite the opposition that was wielded against him, on account of his connection with corporations. In January, 1890, Mr. Jordan associated himself with Mr. J. J. McLaurin, in the management and control of the Harrisburg Telegram, the largest weekly paper in Pennsylvania, outside Philadelphia, having a sworn circulation of over 50,000. C. E. JUDD, attorney at law, Bradford, was born in Russell, Geauga Co., Ohio, March 9, 1856, a son of Lucius and Harriet. (Cole) Judd, natives of Ohio and of English descent, their ancestors having been among the early settlers of Eastern Massachusetts. C. E. Judd is the second of four children, bnt two of whom are living. He was a student at Chester Seminary, from which he graduated in 1877, having taught prior to his graduation. After leaving school, he again was engaged in teaching, and in 1879 came to Brad. ford, where for a time he was engaged in the oil business; also studied law with Henry McSweeney. He was admitted to the bar at Smethport in 1884, and has since built up a good practice. He was married in October, 1887, to Miss Mary L. Haggerty, daughter of John Haggerty, and they have one child, Margaret Louise. In politics Mr. Judd is a Republican.

DAVID KIRK, president of the McCalmont Oil Company, Bradford, has been engaged in the oil business since 1860, when he drilled a well at. Franklin, and for two years devoted his attention to the production of oil. In 1862 be built. a refinery, which he conducted eight years, and also in the meantime opened the first yard for The storage of oil. In 1870 his business was mined by the Standard Oil Company, and since then he has been engaged in the development of oil wells. In 1880 he organized the company he now represents, which operates extensively in the lower oil fields.

Mr. Kirk was born in Scotland, February 18, 1831, a son of Arthur and Marion (Smith) Kirk, who came to America in 1839, and settled in Pittsburgh, Penn., where they reared a family of six sons and six daughters, David being the fourth child. Early in life he was put to work in a cotton factory, and later learned the carpenter's trade. but followed it only a short time, when he went to Allegheny City, where he found employment in a grocery. In 1836 be embarked in business for himself, continuing it until 1860.

Mr. Kirk has always taken an interest in the community in which he lives, and while in Pittsburgh was nominated for congress by the Greenback party, but was defeated by a small majority, although he ran 5,000 votes ahead of his ticket. In 1880 he was nominated by the Greenback and Democratic parties to represent the Sixteenth Congessional District in congress, but was defeated by 500 votes. In politics Mr. Kirk is now a Republican. He was married in 1856 to Miss Ellen Baldwin, a native of Allegheny City, Penn., and to them were born eight children, four sons and four daughters: W.M Kirk, Charles Kirk, Mrs. Mary Bell Davidson, Mrs. Ella Bovard, Elizabeth Kirk, David Kirk, Jr., Clara Kirk and Albert E. Kirk. Mrs. Kirk died in 1885.

W. K. LANEY. oil producer and contractor, Bradford, was born in Germany in October, 1844. When he was an infant his father died, and when he was about six years old" his mother came to the United States and settled in Venango countt, Penn. He remained with his mother until shortly after his thirteenth birthday, when he left home and has since made his own way in the world. He worked in the oil fields in the summer, saved his earnings and attended school in the winter, and in this way obtained his education. He has lived in Bradford many years, and in addition to owning several wells has also engaged in drilling oil, gas, and water wells, having had extensive contracts in different States. In 1862 Mr. Laney enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and FortySecond Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war,
participating in many severe battles, among which may be mentioned Chancellorsville, Antietam and Gettysburg. He was captured on the first day of the last-named battle, but, being shortly after released, he rejoined his company and was present at the surrender of Gen. Lee. He is now an active member of the United Veteran Legion, and has served as lieutenant-colonel of Bradford. Post. He is also a member of the Masonic order, lodge, chapter, council and commandery. Mr. Laney was married in Meadville, Penn" in July, 1870, to Flora, daughter of Charles Huntley, and they have three children: Ada,
Grace and Charles. Mrs. Laney and her daughters are members of the Presbyterian Church of Bradford. In politics Mr. Laney is a Republican.

L. B. LOCKARD, oil producer, Bradford, was born in Hanover, Columbiana Co., Ohio, January 2, 1888, the third of nine children of William and Sarah (McBride) Lockard, former a native of Ireland and latter of Ohio, of Irish descent. He was given good educational advantages. attending the common and high schools of his native county. then took up the study of law at New Lisbon, and was admitted to the bar. He had but just commenced his practice when the Civil war broke out, and he immediately enlisted in the service of the government. and was assigned to duty in the arsenal at Pittsburgh, where he served until the close of the war. He then returned to Ohio and embarked in the dry goods business at Salem. being subsequently interested in various manufacturing enterprises, and while there served five consecutive terms as mayor. In 1875 he moved into the oil regions of Pennsylvania. where he invested in property; in 1879 he came to Bradford. and until 1881 operated in the lower fields. He then bought in the Bradford oil fields, and has since made his home in the city of Bradford. Mr. Lockard was married October 25, 1859, to Miss Phoebe. daughter of Rev. T. Archbold, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and they have six children: Vesta. Charles, Fannie. John, Lorenzo and Edith. Mr. and Mrs. Lockard are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Mr. Lockard is a Democrat. He is supreme vice-protector of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and grand protector of the State; has served the order as grand secretary; represented Pennsylvania in the Supreme Lodge at Chicago in 1885, and again in 1887, and at Philadelphia was unanimously chosen to his present position.

DENNIS LUNDERGAN, passenger and freight agent for the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad Company, at Bradford, was born in Cattaraugus county, N. Y., March 27, 1853, the eldest of five children of Martin and Catherine (Ryan) Lundergan, natives of Ireland, who came to America in 1851, and settled in New York. Dennis, being the eldest son, naturally drifted into the railroad business, as his father was for many years employed by different companies. When a small boy he began to learn telegraphy, and when thirteen years old was employed as an operator by the Erie Railroad Company, holding a position with them seven years, and for two years, from 1873 to 1875, he was both operator and station agent at Fosterville, N. Y. In 1875 he came to Bradford, and was clerk and agent for the Erie Company until 1882, when he accepted his present position. Mr. Lundergan was married in New York, in 1875, to Julia, daughter of Thomas Welsh. In politics be is a Democrat. He is a member of the Catholic Church.