Submitted by Gaylene Kerr Banister
Mills and Factories |
The first mill in Erie County of
which there is any record was built at the mouth of Mill Creek in 1795 - 96,
under the direction of Capt. Russell Bissell, of the United States Army, to
supply timber for barracks, dwellings, etc., for the use of the troops who had
been sent forward as a protection to the settlers. It gave name to the stream,
and stood until 1820, when it burned down. Another saw mill was built upon its
site in 1831, by George W. Reed and William Himrod, the frame of which stood
till some time after 1861. The second saw mill within the city limits was
erected on the same stream, at or near where the Hopedale Mill stands, by Robert
Brotherton, in 1806, and the third at the Eighth street crossing in 1807 or
1808, by William Wallace and Thomas Forster. About 1810, the Wallace &
Forster mill privilege was bought by R. S. Reed, who added a grist mill. The
property fell into the hands of George Moore in 1822, and a carding machine and
fulling mill were added. They were purchased by P. & O. E. Crouch in 1859,
who improved the grist mill from time to time and continued to operate it. In
1815, two more grist mills rose upon Mill Creek, the one built by R. S. Reed at
the Parade street crossing, and the other by Mr. Large near the corner of French
and Eleventh streets. Mr. Reed put up a distillery near his mill, and both
concerns were run by him until his death. The mill building, an unusually large
one, stood until about ten years ago. The mill erected by Mr. Large was allowed
to go down, and its site was adopted by Vincent, Himrod & Co., for the
establishment since known as the Erie City Iron Works. The fourth grist mill in
the city was put up by the McNairs in 1827, on State street, south of the Lake
Shore Railroad track, using the water of Ichabod Run for power. It went down,
and in 1849 the Erie City Mill was built by McSparren & Dumars, to use the
water of the same stream. The building was sold, moved further south, and is
still standing. The Hopedale Mill was built by Henry Gingrich, on the site of
the Brotherton Saw Mill, about 1850, and was operated for a time by Oliver &
Bacon. These gentlemen in 1865 secured the Canal Mill, built by William Kelly,
under the supervision of Jehiel Towner, on Myrtle street, near Sixth, to use the
surplus water of the canal, and have managed it ever since.
At one period there were no less than half a dozen distilleries within the city
limits, and perhaps as many saw mills, the latter all driven by the water of
Mill Creek, which was quite a strong, steady stream. Mr. Russell, in one of his
valuable contributions to the Gazette, says: "When there was not one-fifth
of the population, a distillery was to be found in almost every neighborhood.
Most families were as particular in laying in their barrel of whisky as their
barrel of port, and would rather be without the latter than the former."
Of mills in the vicinity of the city, the earliest were erected by John Cochran,
who put up a saw mill in 1800, and a grist mill in 1801 on the site of the
present Densmore Mill. Three miles south of the city, on what is now the
Waterford Plank Road, Robert McCullough, in 1802 or 1804, put up a saw and grist
mill, which are still in operation under the title of the Erie County Mills. All
of these used the water of Mill Creek. In 1814, a small grist mill was built by
Thomas Miller, on the little stream which empties into the bay at the Head, to
which he soon after added a mill for making linseed oil. The ruins remained
until quite recently.
Outside of Erie City
The second and third saw mills in the county were put up in 1797 -- one by
Thomas Forster at the mouth of Walnut Creek, and the other by Robert Brotherton,
on Le Boeuf Creek, near the Waterford Station of the P. & E. road. The
latter added a grist mill in 1802. In 1798, a fourth saw mill was built near the
mouth of Four Mile Creek by Thomas Rees, for the Population Company. The fifth
was built by Leverett Bissell, on French Creek, in Greenfield Township, in 1799.
During the year 1798 the first grist mill in the county was built at the mouth
of Walnut Creek under the superintendence of Thomas Forster. The other mills
established outside of Erie City before the last war with Great Britain were as
follows:
One on Spring Run, Girard Township, by Mr. Silverthorn, in 1799.
A grist and saw mill by William Miles, at Union, in 1800, now known as Church's
mill. In the same year, a small grist mill, by James Foulk, at the mouth of Six
Mile Creek.
A saw mill by William Culbertson, in 1801, and a grist mill in 1802, at Edinboro,
now known as Taylor & Reeder's mills.
A saw mill by Capt. Holliday, in 1801, and a grist mill in 1803, at the mouth of
Crooked Creek, in Springfield Township, both of which have gone down.
A saw mill in 1802 or 1803, by John Riblet, Sr., on Four Mile Creek, half a mile
south of Wesleyville. No vestige of this remains.
Lattimore's and Boyd's saw mills, in Waterford Township, about 1802. Grist mills
were added to each at a later date, and allowed to go down some forty years ago.
A grist and saw mill, in 1803, by Capt. Daniel Dobbins and James Foulk, near the
mouth of Twelve Mile Creek, since known as Neely's mill.
A grist mill on Sixteen Mile Creek, in North East Township, by Col. Tuttle, in
1807, now known as Scouller's.
The following shows when the mills mentioned were erected, and will be found
convenient for comparison:
1814 -- The West Girard Grist and Saw Mill, on Elk Creek, by Peter Woolverton. A
saw mill where Lines' mills stand, on Crooked Creek, in Springfield, by Amos
Remington and Oliver Cross.
1815 -- A saw mill by William Saltsman, at the foot of the gully of Four Mile
Creek, in Harbor Creek Township.
1816 -- A saw mill by James Love, on Walnut Creek, in Mill Creek Township. A saw
mill on Mill Creek, by Foote & Parker.
About 1820 -- The Strong Grist Mill, on Crooked Creek, in Springfield, by Andrew
Cochran.
1822 -- The Lowville Mills, by Samuel Low. The Wattsburg Mills, by William
Miles.
1823 -- The Nason Mill, on Bear Run, in Fairview, by Daniel Bear. The Porter
Mill, on Conneaut Creek, in Springfield, by Comfort Hay. Two mills in Amity
Township, near Milltown, one by Capt. James Donaldson. The grist mill at
Wesleyville, by John Shattuck.
1824 -- A saw mill in the south part of Greenfield, by John Whiteside.
1825 -- Shattuck's saw mill at Wesleyville. The mills at Wellsburg, by Samuel
Wells.
1826 -- The old Cooper Mill, on Four Mile creek, by William Saltsman.
The Burger Grist Mill, on French Creek, in Le Boeuf Township, was built by
George Burger about 1830; the Line Grist Mill, in Springfield, by Mr. Case,
about 1832; the Sterrettania Mills, on Elk Creek, by David S. Sterrett, in 1839;
the Moore Saw Mill, in Le Boeuf, about 1840; and the Branchville Mill, about
1850.
Other Early Mills and Factories
Among the earliest mills were Weigle's, at the crossing of Walnut Creek by the
Ridge road, in Fairview Township, built by S. F. Gudtner; the Elgin Mills, on
Beaver Dam Run, by Joseph Hall; the Grist mill on Le Boeuf Creek, in Greene, by
Jacob Brown; and the Backus Mill, on Six Mile Creek, in Harbor Creek. All of
these were established in the beginning of the century, but the writer has been
unable to obtain the exact dates. A saw mill was built at an early period by
Michael Jackson, and a grist mill by Amos King, at Albion. In 1810, there was a
carding and woolen mill on the site of the Cass factory in Harbor Creek.
Soon after the war of 1812-14, a perfect mania arose for building saw mills, and
every stream that could be turned to use was employed to drive from one to a
dozen wheels. The county was still largely covered with forest trees, and all of
the streams contained more water than now. The cutting of the timber was
followed by the drying up of the streams. Most of the mills have gone down, and
those that remain generally use steam. With few exceptions, the grist mills
remain on the sites originally adopted. Hubard B. Burrows was a noted millwright
and constructed a good share of the early mills.
The first concern in the county for the manufacture of iron goods was a foundry
at Freeport, North East Township, built in 1824, by Philetus Glass. The next of
any consequence was the establishment of Vincent, Himrod & Co., in Erie, who
engaged in the manufacture of stoves, using the site of Large's grist mill, and
the water-power of Mill Creek. The concern began operations in the winter of
1840 - 41, and has continued ever since under several changes of name and
management. The Erie City Iron Works cove a portion of the site of the old mill,
and the Chicago & Erie Stove Company and Erie City Boiler Works are
offshoots from the original establishment.
List of Manufacturing Establishments
Below is as nearly as could be ascertained in 1880 a list of the mills and
factories in the county outside of Erie and Corry. Any omissions or changes that
are discovered before this book is published will be noted in the township and
borough sketches:
Creameries -- Amity Creamery, near Wattsburg.
Cheese Factories -- West Springfield, Springfield Township; Phillipsville,
Venango Township; Wellsburg, Elk Creek Township; Steadman's, Franklin township;
West Union, Union Township; Waterford; Concord, Concord Township; Beaver Dam,
Wayne Township; Carter Hill, Wayne Township; Kennedy, Wayne Township;
Culbertson's, Union City; Jones', Union City; Bean's, Summit Township;
Excelsior, Summit Township; Grahamville, North East Township; Reed's, McKean
Township; Bean's, near Middleboro; Little Hope, Greenfield Township; Lockport,
Lockport Borough; Wellman's Washington Township; McLallen's Corners, Washington
Township; Phelp's, Edinboro; West Greene, Greene Township; Newman's Bridge,
Waterford Township; Brown's Conneaut Township; Keepville, Conneaut Township;
Wheeler's, Le Boeuf Township; Mill Village; Excelsior, Cherry Hill.
Grist Mills -- Richard's, Amity Township; Nason's, Fairview Township;
Weigle's, Fairview Township; Oriental, Fairview Township; Lohrer's, Fairview
Township; Porter, Springfield Township; Lines', Springfield Township; Strong's,
Springfield Township; Lowville, Venango Township; Wattsburg; Long, Wells &
Co.'s, Wellsburg; The Old Spires, Wellsburg; Steenrod's, Union Township; Anchor,
Union City; Church's, Union City; Judson & Hipple's, Waterford Township;
Williams & Dewey's, Waterford Borough; Elgin; Densmore's, Mill Creek
Township; Erie County, Mill Creek Township; Kocker's, Mill Creek Township;
William H. Cooper's, Wesleyville; the Old Cooper, Harbor Creek; Neely, Harbor
Creek; Sterrett & Barron's, Sterrettania; Hilliker's, Branchville; Guy &
Beatty's, North East Township; Jones', North East Township; Scouller's, North
East Township; Little Hope, Greenfield Township; Strickland & Nason's,
Girard Township; West Girard, Girard Township; Reeder & Taylor's, Edinboro;
Thornton's, Albion; Burger Mill, Le Boeuf Township; ; Irving's, Union City.
Tanneries -- Vetner's, Fairview Township; Wells & Sons', Wellsburg;
Smith & Shoppart's, Waterford Borough; Bolard & Hayes', Waterford
Borough; Sterrettania; Chisholm's, McKean Township; Rappold's, near Sterrettania;
Roher's, McKean Township; Scouller & Tyler's, North East Township; Nason's,
North East; St. John's, Washington Township; Rossiter's, Girard Township;
Aldrich's, Lockport; McWilliam's, Edinboro; Terrill's, Union City.
Saw, Shingle, Lath and Heading Mills -- Shove's, Amity Township;
Wheeler's, Amity Township; Doolittle & Chaffee's, Amity Township;
Donaldson's (saw and shingle), Amity Township; Richard's, Amity Township; Cox's,
Amity Township; Ester & Kelsey's (shingle), Amity Township; Ruhl's, Fairview
Township; Kreider's, Fairview Borough; Comer's, McKean Township; Propeck's,
McKean Township; Porter's, Springfield Township; Lines', Springfield Township;
Strong's, Springfield Township; Reed's, Springfield Township; Lowville (saw,
shingle and heading); Phillipsville (saw and shingle mill); Wattsburg (saw
mill); Bowman's, Wellsburg; Pageville, Elk Creek Township; Mohawk, Franklin
Township; Sweet & Alden's, Franklin Township; Mishler's, Franklin Township;
Gimber's, Franklin Township; Fenno's, Union Township; Bentley's (saw and
shingle), Union Township; Kamerer's, Union Township; Vermilyea's, Union
Township; Miller's, Union Township; Harrison's, Union Township; one on the South
Branch, Union Township; Brunsteter's, Union City; Carroll's (saw and shingle),
Union City; Clough's (shingle), Union city; Kimball & Harrison's (shingle)
Union City; Church's, Union City; Clark & Son's, Union City, Pratt &
Son's, Union City; Davis', Waterford Township; Benson's, Waterford Township;
Lattimore's Waterford Township; Brotherton's, Waterford Township; Judson &
Hipple's, Waterford Township; Himrod's, Waterford Township; Boyd's, Waterford
Township; Hull's, Waterford Township; Marsh's, Waterford Township; Dewey's (saw
and lath), Waterford Borough; Young's, Concord Township; Crowell's, Concord
Township; Ormsby's, Concord Township; Lovell's Station, Concord Township; Elgin
(saw-mill); saw-mill on the Brokenstraw, Wayne Township; two shingle-mills on
the Brokenstraw, Wayne Township; two sawmills on Hare Creek, Wayne Township;
shingle-mill on Slaughter Run, Wayne Township; saw-mill near the New York line,
Wayne Township; Erie County Mill, Mill Creek Township; Russell's, Mill Creek
Township; Nece's, Mill Creek Township; Geist's, Mill Creek Township; Stroher's,
Mill Creek Township; Thomas's (saw, shingle and feed), Mill Creek Township;
Balkey's (shingle and feed), Mill Creek Township; William H. Cooper's,
Wesleyville; the old Cooper, Harbor Creek Township; Dodge's (saw and shingle),
Harbor Creek Township; Neely, Harbor Creek Township; another mill, Harbor Creek
Township; Jackson's, Summit Township; Sterrett & Barron's, Sterrettania;
Wood's, McKean Township; Osborn's, McKean Township; Decker's, McKean Township;
Leland's, McKean Township; Lampson's (saw and shingle), Middleboro; Guy &
Beatty's (saw and shingle), North East Township; Freeport, North East Township;
Applebee & Butts's, North East Township; mill near New York line (saw and
heading), North East Township; three portable mills, Greenfield Township;
Raymond's, Greenfield Township; Little Hope, Greenfield Township; West Girard,
Girard Township; Gudgeonville, Girard Township; Pettis', Girard Township;
Herrick's, Girard Township; Shipman's, Girard Township; Godfrey's, Girard
Township; one saw-mill at Lockport; Wait & Ensing's (saw and lath),
Washington Township; ; Wellman's (saw, shingle and lath), Washington Township;
Reeder's, Washington Township; Davis & Rider's, Washington Township;
Black's, Washington Township; Gardner's, Washington Township; Wade's (saw,
shingle and lath), Washington Township; Sherwood's, Edinboro; Reeder's, Edinboro,
Brown's (saw and lath), Greene Township; Kane's, Greene Township; Ripley's,
Greene Township; two mills on Six Mile Creek, Greene Township; Spalding's,
Conneaut Township; one portable mill, Conneaut Township; Albion Saw Mill;
Moore's, Le Boeuf Township; Manross', Le Boeuf Township; Wheeler's, Le Boeuf
Township; Fogle's, Le Boeuf Township; Dunlap's, Le Boeuf Township; Waterhouse's,
Le Boeuf Township; Robinson's Corners, Venango Township; Henderson's (shingle),
Venango Township; Bennett's, Venango Township; the Gillett Mill, Mill Village;
George Burger's (saw and shingle), Mill Village.
Cider, Jell and Vinegar Factories -- Glazier's, Fairview Borough;
Galyard's, Fairview Borough; Lowville Cider Mill; Bennett's, Venango Township;
Water's, Union Township; Carroll's, Union City; Rices, Waterford Township;
Hare's, Waterford Township; Belle Valley; Tompkins', Mill Creek Township;
Balkey's, Mill Creek Township; Thomas', Mill Creek Township; Cooper's,
Wesleyville; Troop's, Harbor Creek Township; Hauck's, Sterretania; Leland's,
McKean Township; Smith's, McKean Township; Wiswell's, McKean Township; Wagner's,
McKean Township; Rhode's, cider and vinegar, North East Township; Green &
Chase's, cider and vinegar, North East Township; Brown's, Girard Township;
Mosemann's, Greenfield; West Girard, cider and plaster, Girard Township;
Lockport; Waterhouse's, Le Boeuf Township; McLallan's Corners, Washington
Township; Anderson's, Washington Township; Mitchell's, Mill Village.
Planing Mills, Sash, Door and Blind Factories -- Kreider's, Fairview
Borough; one at Lowville; two planing mills at Wattsburg; one sash factory at
Wattsburg; Mills', Franklin Township; Cooper's, Union City; Clark & Son's,
Union City; Jenkin's, Union City; Hunter's, Union City; Dewey's, Waterford
Borough; one at Middleboro; Green's, North East Township; West Girard, Girard
Township; one at Lockport, one at Girard Borough; Wade's, Washington Township;
Taylor & Reeder's, Edinboro; Mickel's Planing and Spoke Mill, Mill Village;
Beardsley's Stave Mill, Mill Village.
Woolen, Carding and Fulling Mills -- Thornton's, Albion; Lewis',
Washington Township; Thornton's, Girard Township; Grimshaw's, North East
Township; Irving's, Union Township; Cass', Harbor Creek; one in Wayne Township.
Paper Mills -- Franklin, North East Township; Watson & Morgan's,
Fairview Township.
Brick and Tile Works -- Seigel's, Fairview Township; Thomas', West
Springfield; Kilpatrick's, North East Township; Kane's, North East Township;
Dyer Loomis', North East Township; West Girard, Girard Township; Barton &
Kelly's, Waterford Borough; Kennedy's, Conneaut Township;.
Wooden Articles -- Pease's Tub and Firkin Factory, North East Borough;
Jones' Barrel Factory, North East Township; New Era Organ Factory, North East
Township; Grape Basket, Fruit and Cigar Box Factory, North East Township;
Stetson's Handle Factory, North East Township; Freeport Table Factory, North
East Township; Freeport Turning Works, North East Township; Coffman's Pump
Factory, North East Township; Brown's Hand Rake Factory, Girard Township;
Lockport Oar Factory; Girard Furniture Factory; White's Factory, Washington
Township; Taylor & Reeder's Pump Factory, Edinboro; Wells & Andrews' Oar
Factory, Albion; VanRider's Horse Rake, Wheelbarrow and Shovel Factory, Albion;
Dodge's Handle Factory, Harbor Creek; Troop's Basket Factory, Harbor Creek;
Elgin Barrel Factory; Coffin Factory, Mill Creek Township; Gunnison's Pump
Factory, Mill Creek Township; Blanchard & Hanson's Furniture Factory, Union
City; Wescott's Dowel Pin Factory, Union City; Clark & Son's Stave and
Handle Mill, Union City; Hunter's Pump Factory, Union City; Hatch's Broom
Factory, Union City; Jones' Cheese Box Factory, Union City; Manross' Stave
Works, Union City; Thompson's Water Wheel Works, Union City; Woods &
Johnson's barrel factories, Union City; Chair and Furniture Factory, Union City;
Westcott's Broom Handle Factory, Union City; Wheeler's Chair Factory, Union
City; Woods' Stave Factory, Union City; Sulky Hay Rake Factory, Waterford
Township; Hasting's Tub and Firkin Factory, Waterford Township; Wattsburg Handle
Factory; Wattsburg Furniture Factory; Wellsburg Furniture and Coffin Factory;
Zeigler's Broom Factory, Wellsburg; Keeler's Furniture Factory, Wellsburg.
Beer Breweries -- Water's, Union City; Mill Creek Brewery; Bannister's,
North East Township.
Carriage and Wagon Works -- Griffith's, North East Borough; Fromeyer's,
North East Borough; Mattison's, Le Boeuf Township; Sterrettania Wagon Shop; two
wagon shops at Middleboro; Lamphier & Brower's, Union City; Morton's, Union
City; two wagon shops at Beaver Dam; Howe & Son's, Waterford Borough;
Taylor's, Waterford Borough; Emanuel Ziegler's, Wellsburg; Fargo's, Fairview
Borough; Wurntz's, Fairview Borough; Williams', Amity Township.
Miscellaneous -- Glass's Foundry, North East Borough; North East Canning
Factory; Girard Wrench Factory; Miles Grove Iron Foundry; Denio's Agricultural
Tool Works, Miles Grove; Pettibone's Limekiln, Girard Township; Mount Hickory
Iron Works, Mill Creek Township; Dunmyer's Iron Works, Union City; Union City
Iron Works; Johnson's Boot and Shoe Factory, Waterford Borough; Wattsburg Feed
Mill; Purcell's Spring Bed Factory, Wellsburg.
Recapitulation -- Creamery, 1; cheese factories, 28; grist mills, 36;
tanneries, 14; saw, shingle, lath and heading mills, 117; cider, jell and
vinegar factories, 27; planing mills and sash, door and blind factories, 17;
woolen, carding and fulling mills, 6; paper mills, 2; brick and tile works, 8;
manufactories of wooden articles, 38; beer breweries, 3; carriage and wagon
shops, 11; miscellaneous, 12; total, 316.
As the list stand above, with Erie and Corry added, there are fully 450 concerns
in the county that can properly be classed as mills and factories. Their number,
extend and variety will be as much of a surprise to the reader as they were to
the writer in making up this chapter.
Samuel P. Bates, History of Erie County, Pennsylvania, (Warner, Beers & Co.: Chicago, 1884), Chapter XV, 262-270. |
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